Joyce N Mbatha1,2, Myra Taylor3, Elisabeth Kleppa4,5, Kristine Lillebo4, Hashini N Galappaththi-Arachchige4,5, Deepak Singh6, Eyrun F Kjetland3,4,5, Marc F D Baay4,7, Zilungile L Mkhize-Kwitshana1,8. 1. a Department of Infection, Prevention and Control , University of KwaZulu-Natal, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Science , Durban , South Africa. 2. b Department of Biomedical and Clinical Technology , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa. 3. c Discipline of Public Health , Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal , Durban , South Africa. 4. d Department of Infectious Diseases , Norwegian Centre for Imported and Tropical Diseases, Oslo University Hospital , Oslo , Norway. 5. e Faculty of Medicine , University of Oslo , Norway. 6. f Department of Physics , Durban University of Technology , Durban , South Africa. 7. g University of Antwerp , Laboratory of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology , Antwerp , Belgium. 8. h Department of Biomedical Sciences , Mangosuthu University of Technology , Faculty of Natural Sciences , Durban , South Africa.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infections and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions occur frequently in young women. The available vaccines cover up to seven hr-HPV genotypes (HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52 and HPV58) and two low-risk HPV types (HPV6 and HPV11). The objective of this study was to describe the hr-HPV genotypes present among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected young women in rural high schools. METHODS: Cervicovaginal lavages were obtained from sexually active young women recruited from high schools in KwaZulu-Natal (n = 1223). HPV testing was done by the polymerase chain reaction using GP5+/GP6 + primers and enzyme immunoassay. HIV testing was done using rapid test kits. RESULTS: Of the 1223 cervicovaginal lavages, 301 (25%) were positive for hr-HPV. The HPV prevalence was higher in HIV infected (32.20%, 95% CI: 0.27-0.38) than in HIV-uninfected women (22.50%, 95% CI: 0.21-0.26), (p = .001). Similarly, multiple infections were slightly more common in HIV infected (59.32%) than in HIV-uninfected women (53.51%), (p = .37). The nine predominant genotypes in descending order were HPV types 16 (n = 99, 22.10%), 51 (n = 58, 12.91%), 18 (n = 56, 12.50%), 35 (n = 50, 11.10%), 33 (n = 47, 10.82%), 56 (n = 42, 9.31%), 45 (n = 34, 7.60%), 52 (n = 32, 7.14%) and 59 (n = 31, 6.91%). HPV 35, 51, 56 and 59 (40.62%), which are not covered by any vaccine, were among the most prevalent in the schools of KwaZulu-Natal. CONCLUSION: Four of the most predominant high-risk HPV types in this region are not covered by the new nine-valent HPV vaccine.
BACKGROUND: High-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infections and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions occur frequently in young women. The available vaccines cover up to seven hr-HPV genotypes (HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV45, HPV52 and HPV58) and two low-risk HPV types (HPV6 and HPV11). The objective of this study was to describe the hr-HPV genotypes present among HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected young women in rural high schools. METHODS: Cervicovaginal lavages were obtained from sexually active young women recruited from high schools in KwaZulu-Natal (n = 1223). HPV testing was done by the polymerase chain reaction using GP5+/GP6 + primers and enzyme immunoassay. HIV testing was done using rapid test kits. RESULTS: Of the 1223 cervicovaginal lavages, 301 (25%) were positive for hr-HPV. The HPV prevalence was higher in HIV infected (32.20%, 95% CI: 0.27-0.38) than in HIV-uninfectedwomen (22.50%, 95% CI: 0.21-0.26), (p = .001). Similarly, multiple infections were slightly more common in HIV infected (59.32%) than in HIV-uninfectedwomen (53.51%), (p = .37). The nine predominant genotypes in descending order were HPV types 16 (n = 99, 22.10%), 51 (n = 58, 12.91%), 18 (n = 56, 12.50%), 35 (n = 50, 11.10%), 33 (n = 47, 10.82%), 56 (n = 42, 9.31%), 45 (n = 34, 7.60%), 52 (n = 32, 7.14%) and 59 (n = 31, 6.91%). HPV 35, 51, 56 and 59 (40.62%), which are not covered by any vaccine, were among the most prevalent in the schools of KwaZulu-Natal. CONCLUSION: Four of the most predominant high-risk HPV types in this region are not covered by the new nine-valent HPV vaccine.
Entities:
Keywords:
Human papillomavirus; cervical cancer; human immunodeficiency virus
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