Julia Bohlius1, Caroline Foster2, Gita Naidu3, Mazvita Sengayi4,5, Anna Turkova6,7. 1. Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland. 2. 900 and Family Clinics, Imperial College NHS Trust, London, UK. 3. Paediatric Haematology Oncology, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 4. National Cancer Registry, National Health Laboratory Service. 5. School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. 6. MRC CTU, University College London Institute of Clinical Trials and Methodology. 7. Paediatric infectious Diseases Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London UK.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adults living with HIV have an increased risk of malignancy yet there is little data for adolescents and young adults. We reviewed recently published cancer epidemiology, treatment, and outcome data for adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALHIV) aged 10 to less than 25 years between 2016 and 2017. RECENT FINDINGS: AYALHIV are at increased risk of developing cancer compared to their uninfected peers. Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma occur most frequently with variation by geographical region. Increased cancer risk is associated with HIV-related immunosuppression and coinfection with oncogenic viruses. Published data, particularly on posttreatment outcomes, remain limited and analyses are hampered by lack of data disaggregation by age and route of HIV transmission. SUMMARY: Although data are sparse, the increased cancer risk for AYALHIV is the cause for concern and must be modified by improving global access and uptake of antiretroviral therapy, human papilloma virus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, screening for hepatitis B and C infection, and optimized cancer screening programs. Education aimed at reducing traditional modifiable cancer risk factors should be embedded within multidisciplinary services for AYALHIV.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Adults living with HIV have an increased risk of malignancy yet there is little data for adolescents and young adults. We reviewed recently published cancer epidemiology, treatment, and outcome data for adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYALHIV) aged 10 to less than 25 years between 2016 and 2017. RECENT FINDINGS: AYALHIV are at increased risk of developing cancer compared to their uninfected peers. Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma occur most frequently with variation by geographical region. Increased cancer risk is associated with HIV-related immunosuppression and coinfection with oncogenic viruses. Published data, particularly on posttreatment outcomes, remain limited and analyses are hampered by lack of data disaggregation by age and route of HIV transmission. SUMMARY: Although data are sparse, the increased cancer risk for AYALHIV is the cause for concern and must be modified by improving global access and uptake of antiretroviral therapy, human papilloma virus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination, screening for hepatitis B and C infection, and optimized cancer screening programs. Education aimed at reducing traditional modifiable cancer risk factors should be embedded within multidisciplinary services for AYALHIV.
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