S A Koppes1,2, S Ljubojevic Hadzavdic3, I Jakasa4, N Franceschi5, R Jurakić Tončić3, B Marinović3, R Brans6, S Gibbs2,7, M H W Frings-Dresen1, T Rustemeyer2, S Kezic1. 1. Coronel Institute of Occupational Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 2. Department of Dermatology-Allergology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 3. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center, Zagreb and University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. 4. Laboratory for Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia. 5. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Clinical Hospital Centre 'Sestre Milosrdnice', Zagreb, Croatia. 6. Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany. 7. Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated allergen-specific differences in the gene expression of inflammatory mediators in patch tested skin. OBJECTIVES: To determine levels of various inflammatory mediators in the stratum corneum (SC) after patch testing with common contact allergens and the skin irritant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). METHODS: In total, 27 individuals who had previously patch tested positive to nickel, chromium, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) or para-phenylenediamine were retested and then patch tested with SLS and petrolatum, with petrolatum serving as the patch test control. At 72 h, the test sites were clinically graded and the SC samples collected on adhesive tape. RESULTS: The levels of 18 of the 32 quantified mediators differed significantly from that of the control patches for at least one of the tested substances. SLS and MCI/MI induced the largest number of immunomediators. Interleukin (IL)-16 levels were significantly higher in patch test reactions in all allergens than they were in the controls, while no significant difference was detected for SLS. Furthermore, a strong negative correlation was found between strength of patch test reaction and IL-1α levels. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokine profiles in the SC of patch tested skin did not show a distinct allergen-specific pattern. However, MCI/MI induced a larger and wider immune response than the other allergens, perhaps due to its potency as an irritant. The levels of IL-16 were significantly increased in patch test reactions to allergens but not to SLS; thus, they may help clinicians to differentiate between allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis.
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated allergen-specific differences in the gene expression of inflammatory mediators in patch tested skin. OBJECTIVES: To determine levels of various inflammatory mediators in the stratum corneum (SC) after patch testing with common contact allergens and the skin irritant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS). METHODS: In total, 27 individuals who had previously patch tested positive to nickel, chromium, methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (MCI/MI) or para-phenylenediamine were retested and then patch tested with SLS and petrolatum, with petrolatum serving as the patch test control. At 72 h, the test sites were clinically graded and the SC samples collected on adhesive tape. RESULTS: The levels of 18 of the 32 quantified mediators differed significantly from that of the control patches for at least one of the tested substances. SLS and MCI/MI induced the largest number of immunomediators. Interleukin (IL)-16 levels were significantly higher in patch test reactions in all allergens than they were in the controls, while no significant difference was detected for SLS. Furthermore, a strong negative correlation was found between strength of patch test reaction and IL-1α levels. CONCLUSIONS: Cytokine profiles in the SC of patch tested skin did not show a distinct allergen-specific pattern. However, MCI/MI induced a larger and wider immune response than the other allergens, perhaps due to its potency as an irritant. The levels of IL-16 were significantly increased in patch test reactions to allergens but not to SLS; thus, they may help clinicians to differentiate between allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis.
Authors: Erik de Bakker; Mirthe A M van der Putten; Martijn W Heymans; Sander W Spiekstra; Taco Waaijman; Liselotte Butzelaar; Vera L Negenborn; Vivian K Beekman; Erman O Akpinar; Thomas Rustemeyer; Frank B Niessen; Susan Gibbs Journal: Exp Dermatol Date: 2020-08-17 Impact factor: 3.960
Authors: Sanja Kezic; Maeve A McAleer; Ivone Jakasa; Susan M I Goorden; Karen Ghauharali-van der Vlugt; Femke S Beers-Stet; Judith Meijer; Jeroen Roelofsen; Monique M Nieman; André B P van Kuilenburg; Alan D Irvine Journal: Br J Dermatol Date: 2022-04-05 Impact factor: 11.113