R Reile1, A Stickley2, M Leinsalu3. 1. Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Institute of Social Studies, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden. Electronic address: rainer.reile@ut.ee. 2. Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden. 3. Stockholm Centre for Health and Social Change (SCOHOST), Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the variation in factors associated with mortality risk at different levels of self-rated health (SRH). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between mortality and demographic, socioeconomic and health-related predictors for respondents with good, average, and poor SRH in a longitudinal data set from Estonia with up to 18 years of follow-up time. RESULTS: In respondents with good SRH, male sex, older age, lower income, manual occupation, ever smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption predicted higher mortality. These covariates, together with marital status, illness-related limitations, and underweight predicted mortality in respondents with average SRH. For poor SRH, only being never married and having illness-related limitations predicted mortality risk in addition to older age and male sex. CONCLUSIONS: The predictors of all-cause mortality are not universal but depend on the level of SRH. The higher mortality of respondents with poor SRH could to a large extent be attributed to health problems, whereas in the case of average or good SRH, factors other than the presence of illness explained outcome mortality.
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the variation in factors associated with mortality risk at different levels of self-rated health (SRH). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Cox regression analysis was used to examine the association between mortality and demographic, socioeconomic and health-related predictors for respondents with good, average, and poor SRH in a longitudinal data set from Estonia with up to 18 years of follow-up time. RESULTS: In respondents with good SRH, male sex, older age, lower income, manual occupation, ever smoking, and heavy alcohol consumption predicted higher mortality. These covariates, together with marital status, illness-related limitations, and underweight predicted mortality in respondents with average SRH. For poor SRH, only being never married and having illness-related limitations predicted mortality risk in addition to older age and male sex. CONCLUSIONS: The predictors of all-cause mortality are not universal but depend on the level of SRH. The higher mortality of respondents with poor SRH could to a large extent be attributed to health problems, whereas in the case of average or good SRH, factors other than the presence of illness explained outcome mortality.
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