Reproductive effort in clonal plants: constant allocation ratios among ramets?

Armstrong (1982, 1983) predicted that all ramets within a clone should have the same ratio of biomass allocation to sexual reproduction versus vegetative growth. He presented data (1984) that he interpreted as showing that Solidago altissima ramets in a clone do have the predicted constant allocation ratio. Reanalysis of his methods shows that this conclusion was an artifact of his analysis. A simulation using random numbers and Armstrong's analysis showed the same pattern as his data. Data from S. altissima ramets of a single clone grown in a greenhouse experiment, using a different analysis, illustrated that the allocation ratios within a clone can be highly variable.