Wan-Chuan Tsai1, Hon-Yen Wu2, Yu-Sen Peng3, Ju-Yeh Yang3, Hung-Yuan Chen3, Yen-Ling Chiu3, Shih-Ping Hsu3, Mei-Ju Ko4, Mei-Fen Pai3, Yu-Kang Tu5, Kuan-Yu Hung6, Kuo-Liong Chien7. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan2Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan3Department of Marketing and Distribution Management, Oriental Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan2Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan4Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan5School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan4Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. 4. Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan7Department of Dermatology, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. 5. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan. 7. Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan4Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.
Abstract
Importance: The optimal blood pressure (BP) target remains debated in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: To compare intensive BP control (<130/80 mm Hg) with standard BP control (<140/90 mm Hg) on major renal outcomes in patients with CKD without diabetes. Data Sources: Searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library for publications up to March 24, 2016. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials that compared an intensive vs a standard BP target in nondiabetic adults with CKD, reporting changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), doubling of serum creatinine level, 50% reduction in GFR, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or all-cause mortality. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Random-effects meta-analyses for pooling effect measures. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses for exploring heterogeneity. Main Outcomes and Measures: Differences in annual rate of change in GFR were expressed as mean differences with 95% CIs. Differences in doubling of serum creatinine or 50% reduction in GFR, ESRD, composite renal outcome, and all-cause mortality were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. Results: We identified 9 trials with 8127 patients and a median follow-up of 3.3 years. Compared with standard BP control, intensive BP control did not show a significant difference on the annual rate of change in GFR (mean difference, 0.07; 95% CI, -0.16 to 0.29 mL/min/1.73 m2/y), doubling of serum creatinine level or 50% reduction in GFR (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.76-1.29), ESRD (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.78-1.18), composite renal outcome (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.81-1.21), or all-cause mortality (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.66-1.37). Nonblacks and patients with higher levels of proteinuria showed a trend of lower risk of kidney disease progression with intensive BP control. Conclusions and Relevance: Targeting BP below the current standard did not provide additional benefit for renal outcomes compared with standard treatment during a follow-up of 3.3 years in patients with CKD without diabetes. However, nonblack patients or those with higher levels of proteinuria might benefit from the intensive BP-lowering treatments.
Importance: The optimal blood pressure (BP) target remains debated in nondiabeticpatients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Objective: To compare intensive BP control (<130/80 mm Hg) with standard BP control (<140/90 mm Hg) on major renal outcomes in patients with CKD without diabetes. Data Sources: Searches of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library for publications up to March 24, 2016. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials that compared an intensive vs a standard BP target in nondiabetic adults with CKD, reporting changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), doubling of serum creatinine level, 50% reduction in GFR, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), or all-cause mortality. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Random-effects meta-analyses for pooling effect measures. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses for exploring heterogeneity. Main Outcomes and Measures: Differences in annual rate of change in GFR were expressed as mean differences with 95% CIs. Differences in doubling of serum creatinine or 50% reduction in GFR, ESRD, composite renal outcome, and all-cause mortality were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs. Results: We identified 9 trials with 8127 patients and a median follow-up of 3.3 years. Compared with standard BP control, intensive BP control did not show a significant difference on the annual rate of change in GFR (mean difference, 0.07; 95% CI, -0.16 to 0.29 mL/min/1.73 m2/y), doubling of serum creatinine level or 50% reduction in GFR (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.76-1.29), ESRD (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.78-1.18), composite renal outcome (RR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.81-1.21), or all-cause mortality (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.66-1.37). Nonblacks and patients with higher levels of proteinuria showed a trend of lower risk of kidney disease progression with intensive BP control. Conclusions and Relevance: Targeting BP below the current standard did not provide additional benefit for renal outcomes compared with standard treatment during a follow-up of 3.3 years in patients with CKD without diabetes. However, nonblack patients or those with higher levels of proteinuria might benefit from the intensive BP-lowering treatments.
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