Literature DB >> 28279030

[Clinical evaluation of the revised International Prognostic Score of Thrombosis for essential thrombocythemia (IPSET-thrombosis) in a cohort of 746 Chinese adult patients].

R F Fu1, H Y Li, F Xue, X F Liu, W Liu, Y T Huang, Y F Chen, L Y Zhang, L Zhang, R C Yang.   

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the role of the revised International Prognostic Score of Thrombosis (IPSET-thrombosis) in predicting the occurrence of thrombotic events in Chinese patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) and to develop a thrombosis predicting model more applicable to Chinese ET patients.
Methods: Medical records of 746 adult patients with an initial diagnosis of ET were retrospectively analyzed.
Results: The median age at diagnosis was 52 (18-87) years, with 305 males and 441 females. According to the revised IPSET-thrombosis model, the number of very low-, low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients were 271 (36.3%) , 223 (29.9%) , 63 (8.4%) and 189 (25.3%) , respectively. The four groups exhibited significantly different thrombosis-free survival (χ(2)=72.301, P<0.001) . Thirty-six patients were reclassified as intermediate-risk according to the revised IPSET-thrombosis instead of low-risk as per the original IPSET-thrombosis. Nineteen intermediate-risk patients as per the original IPSET-thrombosis were upgraded to high-risk according to the revised IPSET-thrombosis. Fifty-one high-risk patients as per the original IPSET-thrombosis were reclassified as low-risk in the revised IPSET-thrombosis. It suggests that the revised IPSET-thrombosis potentially avoids over- or under-treatment. In low-risk patients as per the revised IPSET-thrombosis, the rate of thrombosis in patients with cardiovascular risk factors (CVF) was higher than that in those without (16.3% vs 5.2%, χ(2)=5.264, P=0.022) , and comparable with intermediate-risk patients as per the revised IPSET-thrombosis (16.3% vs 14.3%, χ(2)=0.089, P=0.765) . As a result, a new revised IPSET-thrombosis model more applicable to Chinese ET patients was developed in which patients with CVF in the low-risk group as per the revised IPSET-thrombosis were reclassified as intermediate-risk group.
Conclusion: For predicting the occurrence of thrombotic events, the revised IPSET-thrombosis model was better than the original IPSET-thrombosis model. The revised IPSET-thrombosis was optimized and a new revised IPSET-thrombosis model more applicable to Chinese ET patients was developed, and the new evidence for risk stratification and treatment of ET in Chinese was provided.

Entities:  

Keywords:  Mutation; Risk stratification; Thrombocythemia, Essential; Thrombosis

Mesh:

Year:  2017        PMID: 28279030      PMCID: PMC7354163          DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.02.002

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi        ISSN: 0253-2727


原发性血小板增多症(ET)是费城染色体阴性的骨髓增殖性肿瘤(MPN)中最常见的亚型,其特点为巨核细胞过度增殖、血小板计数持续增高,部分患者进展为骨髓纤维化或急性白血病[1]–[2]。约90%的成人ET患者伴JAK2 V617F、CALRMPL基因突变[3]–[5]。严重血栓事件是影响ET患者生活质量或寿命的主要原因[6],血栓事件的预测对ET的分层治疗有重要意义。 传统的血栓分层模型根据年龄和有无血栓史将ET分为低危(年龄≤60岁且无血栓史)或高危(年龄>60岁或有血栓史)[7]。2012年Barbui等[8]提出的国际血栓预测模型(IPSET)根据年龄>60岁(1分)、血栓史(2分)、心血管危险因素(CVF)(1分)及JAK2 V617F突变阳性(2分)将ET分为低危(0~1分)、中危(2分)或高危(≥3分)组,此模型较传统模型可预测出更多的血栓患者。近期Barbui等[9]及Haider等[10]对IPSET进行优化,提出了修订版IPSET,将ET分为四组:①极低危:无血栓史、年龄≤60岁且JAK2 V617F突变阴性;②低危:无血栓史、年龄≤60岁且JAK2 V617F突变阳性;③中危:无血栓史、年龄>60岁且JAK2 V617F突变阴性;④高危:有血栓史或年龄>60岁且JAK2 V617F阳性。修订版IPSET可避免部分患者治疗过度或不足,对分层治疗更有价值。我们既往已在中国ET患者中证实原版IPSET的血栓预测能力优于传统模型[11],同时发现CVF是中国ET患者血栓形成的独立危险因素[11]–[12]。修订版IPSET未将CVF纳入分层标准。因此,我们以验证原版IPSET所使用的病例资料[11]为研究对象,评估修订版IPSET在中国ET患者中的应用价值,探索适用于中国ET患者的血栓预测模型。

病例与方法

1.病例:将1982年3月1日至2012年4月30日于我院诊治的746例成人ET患者纳入本研究。诊断符合2008年WHO标准[2]。严重血栓事件包括脑血栓、短暂脑缺血发作、急性心肌梗死、四肢动脉血栓、深静脉血栓和重要脏器血管血栓[8]。CVF包括吸烟、糖尿病、高血压及高脂血症[13]。 2.方法:对患者的病历资料进行回顾性分析。JAK2 V617F突变检测采用实时定量PCR法,CALRMPL突变检测采用Sanger测序法[14]。 3.随访方法:采取门诊复查和电话随访方式。随访终点为2013年7月31日,中位随访时间为41(0~288)个月。 4.统计学处理:用SPSS19.0软件分析。连续变量用中位数(范围)表示。分类变量用率(%)表示,采用χ2检验比较。无血栓生存率定义为疾病诊断后随访至特定的时间点时未发生严重血栓事件的患者占所有随访患者的比例[8]。无血栓生存分析采用Kaplan-Meier法,用Log-rank检验比较组间差异。采用Cox比例风险模型评估血栓危险因素。P≤0.05为差异有统计学意义。

结果

1.临床特点及血栓形成的危险因素:纳入患者共746例,男305例,女441例,中位发病年龄为52(18~87)岁。JAK2 V617F突变阳性380例(50.9%)。436例检测了CALRMPL突变,其中CALR突变阳性99例(22.7%)、MPL突变阳性6例(1.4%)。诊断时年龄>60岁者194例(26.0%),有血栓史者109例(14.6%),伴CVF者191例(25.6%)。随访中出现严重血栓者77例(10.3%)。Cox比例风险模型多因素分析表明,JAK2 V617F(HR=1.719,P=0.028)、CVF(HR=1.877,P=0.009)、年龄>60岁(HR=1.949,P=0.006)和血栓史(HR=2.484,P<0.001)为血栓形成的独立危险因素。 2.按修订版IPSET分组结果及无血栓生存率:采用修订版IPSET将746例患者分组:极低危组271例(36.3%)、低危组223例(29.9%)、中危组63例(8.4%)、高危组189例(25.3%)。至随访结束时,四组的无血栓生存差异有统计学意义(χ2=72.301,P<0.001)。详见表1、图1。
表1

746例原发性血小板增多症患者按修订版国际血栓预测模型(IPSET)分组后的无血栓生存率

组别例数(%)血栓例数(%)a累积TFS率(%)
5年10年15年
极低危271(36.3)5(1.8)98.2±1.195.6±2.776.5±17.2
低危223(29.9)17(7.6)93.2±2.475.0±7.650.7±16.4
中危63(8.4)9(14.3)85.4±6.234.8±17.8NA
高危189(25.3)46(24.3)70.7±4.739.7±7.431.8±9.3

注:a至随访截止;NA:不适用;TFS:无血栓生存

图1

746例原发性血小板增多症患者按修订版国际血栓预测模型分组后的无血栓生存曲线

注:a至随访截止;NA:不适用;TFS:无血栓生存 3.修订版IPSET与原版IPSET的比较:将746例患者分别按照修订版IPSET和原版IPSET进行分组(表2)。
表2

746例原发性血小板增多症患者原版与修订版国际血栓预测模型(IPSET)分组结果

原版IPSET分组例数修订版IPSET分组
极低危低危中危高危
低危3072710360
中危21801722719
高危2210510170

总例数74627122363189
271例修订版IPSET极低危患者均为原版IPSET低危组。223例修订版IPSET低危患者采用原版IPSET分组,低危、中危、高危分别为0、172、51例,中危组的血栓发生率与高危组差异无统计学意义[7.0%(12/172)对9.8%(5/51),χ2=0.135,P=0.713]。63例修订版IPSET中危患者采用原版IPSET分组,低危、中危、高危分别为36、27、0例,低危组的血栓发生率与中危组差异无统计学意义[16.7%(6/36)对11.1%(3/27),χ2=0.068,P=0.795]。189例修订版IPSET高危患者采用原版IPSET分组,低危、中危、高危分别为0、19、170例,中危组与高危组血栓发生率差异无统计学意义[42.1%(8/19)对22.4%(38/170),χ2=2.628,P=0.105]。 307例原版IPSET低危患者采用修订版IPSET分组,极低危、低危、中危、高危分别为271、0、36、0例,中危组的血栓发生率高于极低危组[16.7%(6/36)对1.8%(5/271),χ2=16.145,P<0.001]。218例原版IPSET中危患者采用修订版IPSET分组,极低危、低危、中危、高危分别为0、172、27、19例,中危组与低危组血栓发生率差异无统计学意义[11.1%(3/27)对7.0%(12/172),χ2=0.133,P=0.716],而高危组显著高于中危组[42.1%(8/19)对11.1%(3/27),χ2=4.308,P=0.038]及低危组[42.1%(8/19)对7.0%(12/172),χ2=18.931,P<0.001]。221例原版IPSET高危患者采用修订版IPSET分组,极低危、低危、中危、高危分别为0、51、0、170例,低危组的血栓发生率低于高危组[9.8%(5/51)对22.4%(38/170),χ2=3.942,P=0.047]。 4.CVF对修订版IPSET各组血栓形成的影响:极低危(P=1.000)、中危(P=0.055)、高危组(P=0.436)的血栓发生率均不受CVF的影响。低危组中有CVF者的血栓发生率高于无CVF者[16.3%(8/49)对5.2%(9/174),χ2=5.264,P=0.022],与中危组差异无统计学意义[16.3%(8/49)对14.3%(9/63),χ2=0.089,P=0.765]。低危组中无CVF者的血栓发生率高于极低危组[5.2%(9/174)对1.8%(5/271),χ2=3.850,P=0.050](表3)。因此,将低危组中有CVF者归入中危组,即为适合中国ET患者的修订版IPSET:①极低危组:无血栓史、年龄≤60岁且JAK2 V617F阴性;②低危组:无血栓史、年龄≤60岁、JAK2 V617F阳性且无CVF;③中危组:无血栓史、年龄≤60岁、JAK2 V617F阳性且有CVF或无血栓史、年龄>60岁且JAK2 V617F阴性;④高危组:有血栓史或年龄>60岁且JAK2 V617F阳性。上述各组的无血栓生存差异有统计学意义(χ2=74.866,P<0.001)(图2)。77例血栓形成的患者中,按修订版IPSET分层后55例为中高危,而按照适合中国ET患者的修订版IPSET分层后中高危患者则为63例。
表3

心血管危险因素(CVF)对修订版国际血栓预测模型(IPSET)各组血栓形成的影响

修订版IPSET分层例数(%)血栓例数(%)aχ2P
极低危NA1.000
 无CVF233(86.0)5(2.1)
 有CVF38(14.0)0
低危5.2640.022
 无CVF174(78.0)9(5.2)
 有CVF49(22.0)8(16.3)
中危3.6970.055
 无CVF36(57.1)2(5.6)
 有CVF27(42.9)7(25.9)
高危0.6070.436
 无CVF112(59.3)25(22.3)
 有CVF77(40.7)21(27.3)

注:NA:不适用;a至随访截止

图2

746例原发性血小板增多症(ET)患者按适于中国ET患者的修订版国际血栓预测模型分组后的无血栓生存曲线

注:NA:不适用;a至随访截止

讨论

将746例中国成人ET患者按修订版IPSET重新分组后,四组的无血栓生存率差异有统计学意义(χ2=72.301,P<0.001)。因此,本研究证实修订版IPSET同样适用于中国ET患者。 将修订版IPSET各组患者分别按原版IPSET进行分组后,223例修订版IPSET低危患者被原版IPSET分为中危组(172例)、高危组(51例),两组的血栓发生率相当[9.8%(5/51)对7.0%(12/172),χ2=0.135,P=0.713],因此原版IPSET所区分的51例高危患者并非真正高危。63例修订版IPSET中危患者被原版IPSET分为低危(36例)、中危(27例)两组,两组的血栓发生率差异无统计学意义[16.7%(6/36)对11.1%(3/27),χ2=0.068,P=0.795],因此原版IPSET所区分的此36例低危患者也并非真正低危。189例修订版IPSET高危患者被原版IPSET分为中危(19例)、高危(170例)两组,两组的血栓发生率差异无统计学意义[42.1%(8/19)对22.4%(38/170),χ2=2.628,P=0.105],因此原版IPSET所区分的此19例中危患者实际为高危。以上分析表明,原版IPSET对部分患者的血栓风险预测并不合理。 将原版IPSET血栓模型各组患者分别按修订版IPSET进行分组后,307例原版IPSET低危患者在修订版IPSET被分为极低危(271例)和中危(36例)两组,中危组的血栓发生率高于极低危组[16.7%(6/36)对1.8%(5/271),χ2=16.145,P<0.001],而修订版IPSET在原版IPSET低危组中将此36例中危患者区分出来,避免了这些患者的血栓发生率被低估或治疗不足。218例原版IPSET中危患者被修订版IPSET分为低危(172例)、中危(27例)、高危(19例)三组,高危组的血栓发生率显著高于中危组[42.1%(8/19)对11.1%(3/27),χ2=4.308,P=0.038]及低危组[42.1%(8/19)对7.0%(12/172),χ2=18.931,P<0.001],修订版IPSET在原版IPSET中危组中将此19例高危患者区分出来,同样避免了这些患者的血栓发生率被低估或治疗不足。221例原版IPSET高危患者被修订版IPSET分为低危(51例)、高危(170例)两组,低危组的血栓发生率低于高危组[9.8%(5/51)对22.4%(38/170),χ2=3.942,P=0.047],修订版IPSET在原版IPSET高危组中将此51例低危患者区分出来,避免了这些患者的过度治疗。因此,相比于原版IPSET,修订版IPSET能够更为准确地预测血栓发生率。 ET患者中,年龄>60岁和既往血栓史是公认的血栓危险因素[7]。近期多项研究及我们的研究均发现JAK2 V617F和CVF也是血栓形成的独立危险因素[11],[15],原版IPSET也将JAK2 V617F和CVF纳入分层的指标[8]。但修订版IPSET的研究队列中,伴或不伴CVF患者的血栓发生率差异并无统计学意义[9],Haider等[10]对修订版IPSET进行外部验证时也发现CVF并不是血栓发生的独立危险因素,因此修订版IPSET的分层指标并不包含CVF。但是,本研究显示,CVF是中国ET患者血栓形成的独立危险因素,且应将CVF加入修订版IPSET作为分层的指标之一。在本组患者中,修订版IPSET低危组中有CVF者的血栓发生率高于无CVF者[16.3%(8/49)对5.2%(9/174),χ2=5.264,P=0.022],前者的血栓发生率已与中危组相当[16.3%(8/49)对14.3%(9/63),χ2=0.089,P=0.765]。因此,在修订版IPSET的基础上,将低危组中伴CVF者划归中危组即为适于中国ET患者的修订版IPSET,重新分组后各组的无血栓生存差异有统计学意义(χ2=74.866,P<0.001)。77例血栓形成的患者在修订版IPSET分层中55例为中、高危,而在适于中国ET患者的修订版IPSET分层中63例为中、高危,说明适于中国ET患者的修订版IPSET可区分出更多的血栓患者,对指导中国ET患者的分层治疗更有价值。 总之,修订版IPSET在血栓预测方面优于原版IPSET,为基于分子生物学的分层治疗进一步提供了依据。本研究我们将修订版IPSET进行优化,提出更适合中国ET患者的修订版IPSET,可区分出更多的血栓患者,可为中国ET患者的分层治疗提供依据。
  15 in total

1.  Calreticulin mutation does not modify the IPSET score for predicting the risk of thrombosis among 1150 patients with essential thrombocythemia.

Authors:  Guido Finazzi; Alessandra Carobbio; Paola Guglielmelli; Chiara Cavalloni; Silvia Salmoiraghi; Alessandro M Vannucchi; Mario Cazzola; Francesco Passamonti; Alessandro Rambaldi; Tiziano Barbui
Journal:  Blood       Date:  2014-10-16       Impact factor: 22.113

2.  Development and validation of an International Prognostic Score of thrombosis in World Health Organization-essential thrombocythemia (IPSET-thrombosis).

Authors:  Tiziano Barbui; Guido Finazzi; Alessandra Carobbio; Juergen Thiele; Francesco Passamonti; Elisa Rumi; Marco Ruggeri; Francesco Rodeghiero; Maria Luigia Randi; Irene Bertozzi; Heinz Gisslinger; Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch; Valerio De Stefano; Silvia Betti; Alessandro Rambaldi; Alessandro M Vannucchi; Ayalew Tefferi
Journal:  Blood       Date:  2012-10-01       Impact factor: 22.113

3.  Analysis of calreticulin mutations in Chinese patients with essential thrombocythemia: clinical implications in diagnosis, prognosis and treatment.

Authors:  R Fu; M Xuan; Y Zhou; T Sun; J Bai; Z Cao; L Zhang; H Li; D Zhang; X Zhang; C Lv; F Xue; X Liu; R Yang; L Zhang
Journal:  Leukemia       Date:  2014-04-15       Impact factor: 11.528

4.  Somatic mutations of calreticulin in myeloproliferative neoplasms.

Authors:  Thorsten Klampfl; Heinz Gisslinger; Ashot S Harutyunyan; Harini Nivarthi; Elisa Rumi; Jelena D Milosevic; Nicole C C Them; Tiina Berg; Bettina Gisslinger; Daniela Pietra; Doris Chen; Gregory I Vladimer; Klaudia Bagienski; Chiara Milanesi; Ilaria Carola Casetti; Emanuela Sant'Antonio; Virginia Ferretti; Chiara Elena; Fiorella Schischlik; Ciara Cleary; Melanie Six; Martin Schalling; Andreas Schönegger; Christoph Bock; Luca Malcovati; Cristiana Pascutto; Giulio Superti-Furga; Mario Cazzola; Robert Kralovics
Journal:  N Engl J Med       Date:  2013-12-10       Impact factor: 91.245

5.  Validation of the revised International Prognostic Score of Thrombosis for Essential Thrombocythemia (IPSET-thrombosis) in 585 Mayo Clinic patients.

Authors:  Mahnur Haider; Naseema Gangat; Terra Lasho; Ahmed K Abou Hussein; Yoseph C Elala; Curtis Hanson; Ayalew Tefferi
Journal:  Am J Hematol       Date:  2016-06       Impact factor: 10.047

6.  [Clinical characteristics and risk factors for major thrombosis in 604 Chinese patients with low-risk essential thrombocythemia].

Authors:  Rongfeng Fu; Min Xuan; Liyan Zhang; Huiyuan Li; Tiantian Sun; Donglei Zhang; Xian Zhang; Cuicui Lyu; Feng Xue; Xiaofan Liu; Lei Zhang; Renchi Yang
Journal:  Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi       Date:  2014-09

7.  Leukocytosis at diagnosis and the risk of subsequent thrombosis in patients with low-risk essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera.

Authors:  Naseema Gangat; Alexandra P Wolanskyj; Susan M Schwager; Curtis A Hanson; Ayalew Tefferi
Journal:  Cancer       Date:  2009-12-15       Impact factor: 6.860

8.  Somatic CALR mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms with nonmutated JAK2.

Authors:  J Nangalia; C E Massie; E J Baxter; F L Nice; G Gundem; D C Wedge; E Avezov; J Li; K Kollmann; D G Kent; A Aziz; A L Godfrey; J Hinton; I Martincorena; P Van Loo; A V Jones; P Guglielmelli; P Tarpey; H P Harding; J D Fitzpatrick; C T Goudie; C A Ortmann; S J Loughran; K Raine; D R Jones; A P Butler; J W Teague; S O'Meara; S McLaren; M Bianchi; Y Silber; D Dimitropoulou; D Bloxham; L Mudie; M Maddison; B Robinson; C Keohane; C Maclean; K Hill; K Orchard; S Tauro; M-Q Du; M Greaves; D Bowen; B J P Huntly; C N Harrison; N C P Cross; D Ron; A M Vannucchi; E Papaemmanuil; P J Campbell; A R Green
Journal:  N Engl J Med       Date:  2013-12-10       Impact factor: 91.245

Review 9.  Rationale for revision and proposed changes of the WHO diagnostic criteria for polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and primary myelofibrosis.

Authors:  T Barbui; J Thiele; A M Vannucchi; A Tefferi
Journal:  Blood Cancer J       Date:  2015-08-14       Impact factor: 11.037

10.  Practice-relevant revision of IPSET-thrombosis based on 1019 patients with WHO-defined essential thrombocythemia.

Authors:  T Barbui; A M Vannucchi; V Buxhofer-Ausch; V De Stefano; S Betti; A Rambaldi; E Rumi; M Ruggeri; F Rodeghiero; M L Randi; I Bertozzi; H Gisslinger; G Finazzi; A Carobbio; J Thiele; F Passamonti; C Falcone; A Tefferi
Journal:  Blood Cancer J       Date:  2015-11-27       Impact factor: 11.037

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