Frédéric Dutheil1,2,3,4,5, Fouad Marhar6, Gil Boudet7, Christophe Perrier8, Geraldine Naughton9, Alain Chamoux7, Pascal Huguet10, Martial Mermillod11,12, Foued Saâdaoui13, Farès Moustafa8, Jeannot Schmidt8. 1. University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Occupational and Preventive Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. frederic.dutheil@uca.fr. 2. University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Emergency department, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. frederic.dutheil@uca.fr. 3. Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. frederic.dutheil@uca.fr. 4. Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia. frederic.dutheil@uca.fr. 5. WittyFit, F-75000, Paris, France. frederic.dutheil@uca.fr. 6. University Hospital of Toulouse, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, F-31000, Toulouse, France. 7. University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Occupational and Preventive Medicine, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. 8. University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand (CHU), Emergency department, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. 9. Australian Catholic University, Faculty of Health, School of Exercise Science, Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia. 10. Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LaPSCo, Physiological and Psychosocial Stress, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. 11. Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Laboratory of Cognition and NeuroPsyhology (LPNC), F-38000, Grenoble, France. 12. Institut Universitaire de France, F-75000, Paris, France. 13. Saudi Electronic University, College of Sciences and Theoretical Studies, Riyadh, 13316, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To compare tachycardia and cardiac strain between 24-hour shifts (24hS) and 14-hour night shifts (14hS) in emergency physicians (EPs), and to investigate key factors influencing tachycardia and cardiac strain. METHODS: We monitored heart rate (HR) with Holter-ECG in a shift-randomized trial comparing a 24hS, a 14hS, and a control day, within a potential for 19 EPs. We also measured 24-h HR the third day (D3) after both shifts. We measured perceived stress by visual analog scale and the number of life-and-death emergencies. RESULTS: The 17 EPs completing the whole protocol reached maximal HR (180.9 ± 6.9 bpm) during both shifts. Minutes of tachycardia >100 bpm were higher in 24hS (208.3 ± 63.8) than in any other days (14hS: 142.3 ± 36.9; D3/14hS: 64.8 ± 31.4; D3/24hS: 57.6 ± 19.1; control day: 39.2 ± 11.6 min, p < .05). Shifts induced a cardiac strain twice higher than in days not involving patients contact. Each life-and-death emergency enhanced 26 min of tachycardia ≥100 bpm (p < .001), 7 min ≥ 110 bpm (p < .001), 2 min ≥ 120 bpm (p < .001) and 19 min of cardiac strain ≥30% (p = .014). Stress was associated with greater duration of tachycardia≥100, 110 and 120 bpm, and of cardiac strain ≥30% (p < .001). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated several incidences of maximal HR during shifts combined with a high cardiac strain. Duration of tachycardia were the highest in 24hS and lasted several hours. Such values are comparable to those of workers exposed to high physical demanding tasks or heat. Therefore, we suggest that EPs limit their exposure to 24hS. We, furthermore, demonstrated benefits of HR monitoring for identifying stressful events. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01874704.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: To compare tachycardia and cardiac strain between 24-hour shifts (24hS) and 14-hour night shifts (14hS) in emergency physicians (EPs), and to investigate key factors influencing tachycardia and cardiac strain. METHODS: We monitored heart rate (HR) with Holter-ECG in a shift-randomized trial comparing a 24hS, a 14hS, and a control day, within a potential for 19 EPs. We also measured 24-h HR the third day (D3) after both shifts. We measured perceived stress by visual analog scale and the number of life-and-death emergencies. RESULTS: The 17 EPs completing the whole protocol reached maximal HR (180.9 ± 6.9 bpm) during both shifts. Minutes of tachycardia >100 bpm were higher in 24hS (208.3 ± 63.8) than in any other days (14hS: 142.3 ± 36.9; D3/14hS: 64.8 ± 31.4; D3/24hS: 57.6 ± 19.1; control day: 39.2 ± 11.6 min, p < .05). Shifts induced a cardiac strain twice higher than in days not involving patients contact. Each life-and-death emergency enhanced 26 min of tachycardia ≥100 bpm (p < .001), 7 min ≥ 110 bpm (p < .001), 2 min ≥ 120 bpm (p < .001) and 19 min of cardiac strain ≥30% (p = .014). Stress was associated with greater duration of tachycardia ≥100, 110 and 120 bpm, and of cardiac strain ≥30% (p < .001). CONCLUSION: We demonstrated several incidences of maximal HR during shifts combined with a high cardiac strain. Duration of tachycardia were the highest in 24hS and lasted several hours. Such values are comparable to those of workers exposed to high physical demanding tasks or heat. Therefore, we suggest that EPs limit their exposure to 24hS. We, furthermore, demonstrated benefits of HR monitoring for identifying stressful events. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01874704.
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