OBJECTIVES: The Techniques for Overcoming Depression (TOD) questionnaire assesses the frequency with which patients being treated for depression use cognitive-behavioral techniques in daily life. This study examined its latent structure, reliability and concurrent validity in depressed cardiac patients. METHOD: The TOD was administered at the initial and final treatment sessions in three trials of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) (n = 260) for depression in cardiac patients. Mokken scaling was used to determine its dimensionality. RESULTS: The TOD is unidimensional in depressed cardiac patients, both at the initial evaluation (H = .46) and the end of treatment (H = .47). It is sensitive to change and the total score correlates with therapist ratings of the patient's socialization to CBT (r=.40, p<.05), homework adherence (r=0.36, p<0.05), and use of cognitive-behavioral techniques (r=.51, p<.01). TOD scores were associated with post-treatment depression scores in two of the trials (p<.01 in both analyses). CONCLUSIONS: The TOD is a unidimensional, reliable, valid, and clinically informative measure of self-reported use of cognitive-behavioral techniques for overcoming depression in cardiac patients. Studies of the TOD in other depressed patient populations are needed.
OBJECTIVES: The Techniques for Overcoming Depression (TOD) questionnaire assesses the frequency with which patients being treated for depression use cognitive-behavioral techniques in daily life. This study examined its latent structure, reliability and concurrent validity in depressed cardiacpatients. METHOD: The TOD was administered at the initial and final treatment sessions in three trials of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) (n = 260) for depression in cardiac patients. Mokken scaling was used to determine its dimensionality. RESULTS: The TOD is unidimensional in depressed cardiacpatients, both at the initial evaluation (H = .46) and the end of treatment (H = .47). It is sensitive to change and the total score correlates with therapist ratings of the patient's socialization to CBT (r=.40, p<.05), homework adherence (r=0.36, p<0.05), and use of cognitive-behavioral techniques (r=.51, p<.01). TOD scores were associated with post-treatment depression scores in two of the trials (p<.01 in both analyses). CONCLUSIONS: The TOD is a unidimensional, reliable, valid, and clinically informative measure of self-reported use of cognitive-behavioral techniques for overcoming depression in cardiac patients. Studies of the TOD in other depressedpatient populations are needed.
Authors: Kenneth E Freedland; Judith A Skala; Robert M Carney; James M Raczynski; C Barr Taylor; Carlos F Mendes de Leon; Gail Ironson; Marston E Youngblood; K Ranga Rama Krishnan; Richard C Veith Journal: Psychosom Med Date: 2002 Nov-Dec Impact factor: 4.312
Authors: Sona Dimidjian; Steven D Hollon; Keith S Dobson; Karen B Schmaling; Robert J Kohlenberg; Michael E Addis; Robert Gallop; Joseph B McGlinchey; David K Markley; Jackie K Gollan; David C Atkins; David L Dunner; Neil S Jacobson Journal: J Consult Clin Psychol Date: 2006-08
Authors: Kenneth E Freedland; Robert M Carney; Michael W Rich; Brian C Steinmeyer; Eugene H Rubin Journal: JAMA Intern Med Date: 2015-11 Impact factor: 21.873
Authors: Kenneth E Freedland; Judith A Skala; Robert M Carney; Eugene H Rubin; Patrick J Lustman; Victor G Dávila-Román; Brian C Steinmeyer; Charles W Hogue Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2009-04