Pulmonary cement embolism in a child following total elbow replacement for primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the humerus.

Pulmonary bone cement embolism (PCE) is an uncommon event occurring after implantation of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) in orthopaedic surgeries involving adult patients, more so in the elderly. Its incidence in the paediatric population is extremely rare. We herein describe a case of PCE in a 15-year-old girl, 9 days after she underwent total elbow replacement with PMMA placement for a primitive neuroectodermal tumour (PNET) of the distal humerus. This report describes the occurrence of a common post-operative complication of bone cement embolism in an uncommon scenario of total elbow replacement for a bone tumour in a child, which masqueraded initially as acute pneumonitis.