OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize mainstream smoke constituent deliveries from SPECTRUM variable nicotine research cigarettes under 2 machine smoking regimens. SPECTRUM cigarettes are manufactured by the 22nd Century company for the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health to contain varying (including reduced) levels of nicotine. METHODS: Mainstream smoke constituent deliveries of "tar," nicotine, carbon monoxide, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)), benzo[a]pyrene, aromatic amines, and carbonyls were analyzed in 23 varieties of SPECTRUM cigarettes using ISO 17025 accredited methods. RESULTS: Data are presented as means and standard deviations of 5 replicates for all analytes. CONCLUSIONS: Under the ISO smoking regimen, mean levels of many smoke emissions for SPECTRUM varieties were comparable to the 3R4F research cigarette. Calculated SPECTRUM elasticity ranged from 1.6 to 4.0. Accordingly, under intense machine smoking conditions differences in emissions of SPECTRUM cigarettes were apparent. In addition, NNN increased with smoke nicotine while the same rate of change was not seen for NNK. It is important to monitor levels of chemicals of public health concern and regulatory interest as technologies emerge to reduce levels of nicotine or other targeted chemicals in tobacco products.
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize mainstream smoke constituent deliveries from SPECTRUM variable nicotine research cigarettes under 2 machine smoking regimens. SPECTRUM cigarettes are manufactured by the 22nd Century company for the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health to contain varying (including reduced) levels of nicotine. METHODS: Mainstream smoke constituent deliveries of "tar," nicotine, carbon monoxide, tobacco-specific nitrosamines (N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)), benzo[a]pyrene, aromatic amines, and carbonyls were analyzed in 23 varieties of SPECTRUM cigarettes using ISO 17025 accredited methods. RESULTS: Data are presented as means and standard deviations of 5 replicates for all analytes. CONCLUSIONS: Under the ISO smoking regimen, mean levels of many smoke emissions for SPECTRUM varieties were comparable to the 3R4F research cigarette. Calculated SPECTRUM elasticity ranged from 1.6 to 4.0. Accordingly, under intense machine smoking conditions differences in emissions of SPECTRUM cigarettes were apparent. In addition, NNN increased with smoke nicotine while the same rate of change was not seen for NNK. It is important to monitor levels of chemicals of public health concern and regulatory interest as technologies emerge to reduce levels of nicotine or other targeted chemicals in tobacco products.
Authors: Dorothy K Hatsukami; Chap T Le; Ying Zhang; Anne M Joseph; Marc E Mooney; Steven G Carmella; Stephen S Hecht Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2006-12 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Dorothy K Hatsukami; Stephen J Heishman; Rachel Isaksson Vogel; Rachel L Denlinger; Astia N Roper-Batker; Kristen M Mackowick; Joni Jensen; Sharon E Murphy; Brian F Thomas; Eric Donny Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2012-11-22 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Yan S Ding; Xizheng J Yan; Ram B Jain; Eugene Lopp; Ameer Tavakoli; Gregory M Polzin; Stephen B Stanfill; David L Ashley; Clifford H Watson Journal: Environ Sci Technol Date: 2006-02-15 Impact factor: 9.028
Authors: Patricia Richter; Pappas R Steven; Roberto Bravo; Joseph G Lisko; Maria Damian; Nathalie Gonzalez-Jimenez; Naudia Gray; Lisa M Keong; Jacob B Kimbrell; Peter Kuklenyik; Tameka S Lawler; Grace E Lee; Magaly Mendez; Jose Perez; Shakia Smith; Hang Tran; Robert Tyx; Clifford H Watson Journal: Tob Regul Sci Date: 2016
Authors: D M Burns; E Dybing; N Gray; S Hecht; C Anderson; T Sanner; R O'Connor; M Djordjevic; C Dresler; P Hainaut; M Jarvis; A Opperhuizen; K Straif Journal: Tob Control Date: 2008-04 Impact factor: 7.552
Authors: Baoyun Xia; Benjamin C Blount; Tonya Guillot; Christina Brosius; Yao Li; Dana M Van Bemmel; Heather L Kimmel; Cindy M Chang; Nicolette Borek; Kathryn C Edwards; Charlie Lawrence; Andrew Hyland; Maciej L Goniewicz; Brittany N Pine; Yang Xia; John T Bernert; B Rey De Castro; John Lee; Justin L Brown; Stephen Arnstein; Diane Choi; Erin L Wade; Dorothy Hatsukami; Gladys Ervies; Angel Cobos; Keegan Nicodemus; Dana Freeman; Stephen S Hecht; Kevin Conway; Lanqing Wang Journal: Nicotine Tob Res Date: 2021-02-16 Impact factor: 4.244
Authors: Tracy T Smith; Joseph S Koopmeiners; Dorothy K Hatsukami; Katelyn M Tessier; Neal L Benowitz; Sharon E Murphy; Andrew A Strasser; Jennifer W Tidey; Benjamin C Blount; Liza Valentin; Roberto Bravo Cardenas; Clifford Watson; James L Pirkle; Eric C Donny Journal: Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev Date: 2020-02-26 Impact factor: 4.254
Authors: Steven G Carmella; Alisa K Heskin; Mei Kuen Tang; Joni Jensen; Xianghua Luo; Chap T Le; Sharon E Murphy; Neal L Benowitz; F Joseph McClernon; Ryan Vandrey; Sharon S Allen; Rachel Denlinger-Apte; Paul M Cinciripini; Andrew A Strasser; Mustafa al'Absi; Jason D Robinson; Eric C Donny; Dorothy K Hatsukami; Stephen S Hecht Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-04-25 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Susan Veldheer; Vishal Midya; Courtney Lester; Jason Liao; Jessica Yingst; Shari Hrabovsky; Sophia I Allen; Nicolle M Krebs; Lisa Reinhart; A Eden Evins; Kimberly Horn; John Richie; Joshua Muscat; Jonathan Foulds Journal: Tob Regul Sci Date: 2018-01
Authors: Menglan Chen; Steven G Carmella; Chistopher Sipe; Joni Jensen; Xianghua Luo; Chap T Le; Sharon E Murphy; Neal L Benowitz; F Joseph McClernon; Ryan Vandrey; Sharon S Allen; Rachel Denlinger-Apte; Paul M Cinciripini; Andrew A Strasser; Mustafa al'Absi; Jason D Robinson; Eric C Donny; Dorothy Hatsukami; Stephen S Hecht Journal: PLoS One Date: 2019-01-04 Impact factor: 3.240