John Pa Ioannidis1, Arthur L Caplan2, Rafael Dal-Ré3. 1. Departments of Medicine, Health Research and Policy, and Statistics, and Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford (METRICS), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA jioannid@stanford.edu. 2. Division of Medical Ethics, School of Medicine, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA. 3. Clinical Research, BUC (Biosciences UAM+CSIC) Program, International Campus of Excellence, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco, Madrid 28049, Spain.