Kelsey M Hassevoort1, Sarah E Khazoum2, John A Walker3, Sasha M Barnett4, Lauren B Raine5, Billy R Hammond6, Lisa M Renzi-Hammond6, Arthur F Kramer5, Naiman A Khan7, Charles H Hillman5, Neal J Cohen3. 1. Neuroscience Program; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. Electronic address: hassevo2@illinois.edu. 2. Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. 3. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. 4. Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL. 5. Departments of Psychology and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. 6. Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA. 7. Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of macular pigment carotenoids (lutein, meso-zeaxanthin, and zeaxanthin), aerobic fitness, and central adiposity with hippocampal-dependent relational memory in prepubescent children. STUDY DESIGN: Children between 7 and 10 years of age (n = 40) completed a task designed to assess relational memory performance and participated in aerobic fitness, adiposity, and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) assessment. Aerobic fitness was assessed via a modified Balke treadmill protocol designed to measure maximal oxygen volume. Central adiposity was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. MPOD was measured psychophysically by the use of customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. Statistical analyses included correlations and hierarchical linear regression. RESULTS: Aerobic fitness and MPOD were associated negatively with relational memory errors (P < .01), whereas central adiposity was associated positively with relational memory errors (P < .05). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that MPOD accounted for a significant amount of the variance in relational memory performance even after we accounted for aerobic fitness (β = -0.388, P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Even after we adjusted for aerobic fitness and central adiposity, factors known to relate to hippocampal-dependent memory, MPOD positively and significantly predicted hippocampal-dependent memory performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01619826.
OBJECTIVES: To examine the associations of macular pigment carotenoids (lutein, meso-zeaxanthin, and zeaxanthin), aerobic fitness, and central adiposity with hippocampal-dependent relational memory in prepubescent children. STUDY DESIGN:Children between 7 and 10 years of age (n = 40) completed a task designed to assess relational memory performance and participated in aerobic fitness, adiposity, and macular pigment optical density (MPOD) assessment. Aerobic fitness was assessed via a modified Balke treadmill protocol designed to measure maximal oxygen volume. Central adiposity was assessed via dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. MPOD was measured psychophysically by the use of customized heterochromatic flicker photometry. Statistical analyses included correlations and hierarchical linear regression. RESULTS:Aerobic fitness and MPOD were associated negatively with relational memory errors (P < .01), whereas central adiposity was associated positively with relational memory errors (P < .05). Hierarchical regression analysis revealed that MPOD accounted for a significant amount of the variance in relational memory performance even after we accounted for aerobic fitness (β = -0.388, P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: Even after we adjusted for aerobic fitness and central adiposity, factors known to relate to hippocampal-dependent memory, MPOD positively and significantly predicted hippocampal-dependent memory performance. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01619826.
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