Heart failure in the elderly: ten peculiar management considerations.

Chronic heart failure (HF) is a disease with significantly higher prevalence in the elderly or patients older than 65 years old. Typically, older patients have more risk factors for HF, more comorbidities, and are more likely to have recurrent admissions for acute decompensations. With HF burden on health care systems primarily related to hospital and nursing home costs, it is critical that elderly patients are approached with a clear understanding of certain unique clinical, laboratory, imaging, and pharmacokinetic differences that can alter their management and outcomes. Psychosocial factors have major implications on adherence to therapy as well as decisions on advanced care for elderly HF patients. In this article, we highlight ten peculiar management considerations when approaching older patients with HF. We discuss issues related to epidemiology, diagnostic challenges, pharmacotherapy, and palliative care; all of which can impact this unique population and, more importantly, the disease burden as a whole.