Federica Turati1, Francesca Bravi2,3, Jerry Polesel4, Cristina Bosetti3, Eva Negri3, Werner Garavello5, Martina Taborelli4, Diego Serraino4, Massimo Libra6, Maurizio Montella7, Adriano Decarli2,8, Monica Ferraroni2, Carlo La Vecchia2. 1. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133, Milan, Italy. federica.turati@unimi.it. 2. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via A. Vanzetti 5, 20133, Milan, Italy. 3. Department of Epidemiology, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", via G. La Masa 19, 20156, Milan, Italy. 4. Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, Italy. 5. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, Italy. 6. Laboratory of Translational Oncology & Functional Genomics, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Università di Catania, Via Androne 83, 95124, Catania, Italy. 7. Unit of Epidemiology, Istituto Tumori "Fondazione Pascale IRCCS", Via M. Semmola 1, 80131, Naples, Italy. 8. Unit of Medical Statistics, Biometry and Bioinformatics, Fondazione IRCSS Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Milano, via G. Venezian 1, 20133, Milan, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Few studies investigated the role of diet on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) risk in non-endemic areas. The aim of this study was to assess the association between adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet and NPC risk in a southern European low-risk population. METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Italy, including 198 histologically confirmed NPC cases and 594 matched controls. Dietary habits were collected by means of a validated food-frequency questionnaire, including 83 foods, food groups, or beverages. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed through a Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), based on nine dietary components characterizing this dietary profile, i.e., high intake of vegetables, fruits and nuts, cereals, legumes, and fish; low intake of dairy products and meat; high monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio; and moderate alcohol intake. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) of NPC, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for increasing MDS (i.e., increasing adherence) using multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for major confounding factors. RESULTS: As compared to MDS ≤ 4, the ORs of NPC were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.54-1.25) for MDS of 5 and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.44-0.99) for MDS ≥ 6, with a significant trend of decreasing risk (p 0.043). The corresponding population attributable fraction was 22%, indicating that 22% of NPC cases in this population would be avoided by shifting all subjects to a score ≥6. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports a favorable role of the Mediterranean diet on NPC risk.
PURPOSE: Few studies investigated the role of diet on nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) risk in non-endemic areas. The aim of this study was to assess the association between adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet and NPC risk in a southern European low-risk population. METHODS: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study in Italy, including 198 histologically confirmed NPC cases and 594 matched controls. Dietary habits were collected by means of a validated food-frequency questionnaire, including 83 foods, food groups, or beverages. Adherence to the traditional Mediterranean diet was assessed through a Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS), based on nine dietary components characterizing this dietary profile, i.e., high intake of vegetables, fruits and nuts, cereals, legumes, and fish; low intake of dairy products and meat; high monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio; and moderate alcohol intake. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) of NPC, and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), for increasing MDS (i.e., increasing adherence) using multiple logistic regression models, adjusted for major confounding factors. RESULTS: As compared to MDS ≤ 4, the ORs of NPC were 0.83 (95% CI: 0.54-1.25) for MDS of 5 and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.44-0.99) for MDS ≥ 6, with a significant trend of decreasing risk (p 0.043). The corresponding population attributable fraction was 22%, indicating that 22% of NPC cases in this population would be avoided by shifting all subjects to a score ≥6. CONCLUSIONS: Our study supports a favorable role of the Mediterranean diet on NPC risk.
Authors: Sara Moazzen; Kimberley W J van der Sloot; Roel J Vonk; Geertruida H de Bock; Behrooz Z Alizadeh Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-06-23 Impact factor: 5.717
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