Eline Borger Rognli1, Jørgen G Bramness2, Svetlana Skurtveit3, Anne Bukten4. 1. Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), University of Oslo, Box 1039 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Box 104, 2381 Brumunddal, Norway. 2. Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), University of Oslo, Box 1039 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway. 3. Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), University of Oslo, Box 1039 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Norway. 4. Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), University of Oslo, Box 1039 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway; The Correctional Service of Norway, Staff Academy, Oslo, Norway, Box 694, 4305 Sandnes, Norway. Electronic address: anne.bukten@medisin.uio.no.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Psychotic experiences (PE) are relatively common in the general population. PE is associated with mental health impairment and may be predictive of clinical psychosis. Substance use predicts PE, but the association is insufficiently understood, particularly the role of illicit substances. The purpose of this study was to describe PE (visual and auditory hallucinations and delusions of reference and persecution) in a population characterized by high levels of substance use and to investigate substance use and sociodemographic background characteristics as risk factors for PE. METHODS: We used data from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study (NorMA), a cross-sectional survey of 1499 individuals from Norwegian prisons. The outcome was one, two, three or four types of PE during the lifetime. The association between different variables and PE was investigated using multinomial logistic regression with three outcome categories: 0 PE, 1-2 PE and 3-4 PE. RESULTS: The prevalence of lifetime PE was 53.7%. Several substances were strongly associated with PE: For cannabis, the adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) of 1-2 PE was 2.78 (95% CI 1.89-4.10) and of 3-4 PE it was 4.36 (2.58-7.36). For amphetamine, the RRR of 1-2 PE was 3.26 (2.11-5.05) and of 3-4 PE it was 5.93 (3.72-9.46). For all variables, the association to PE was stronger with more types of PE. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of alcohol use, and lifetime use of cannabis, amphetamine and heroin were associated with PE. These effects were robust even when the substance use variables were adjusted against each other. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
INTRODUCTION:Psychotic experiences (PE) are relatively common in the general population. PE is associated with mental health impairment and may be predictive of clinical psychosis. Substance use predicts PE, but the association is insufficiently understood, particularly the role of illicit substances. The purpose of this study was to describe PE (visual and auditory hallucinations and delusions of reference and persecution) in a population characterized by high levels of substance use and to investigate substance use and sociodemographic background characteristics as risk factors for PE. METHODS: We used data from the Norwegian Offender Mental Health and Addiction Study (NorMA), a cross-sectional survey of 1499 individuals from Norwegian prisons. The outcome was one, two, three or four types of PE during the lifetime. The association between different variables and PE was investigated using multinomial logistic regression with three outcome categories: 0 PE, 1-2 PE and 3-4 PE. RESULTS: The prevalence of lifetime PE was 53.7%. Several substances were strongly associated with PE: For cannabis, the adjusted relative risk ratio (RRR) of 1-2 PE was 2.78 (95% CI 1.89-4.10) and of 3-4 PE it was 4.36 (2.58-7.36). For amphetamine, the RRR of 1-2 PE was 3.26 (2.11-5.05) and of 3-4 PE it was 5.93 (3.72-9.46). For all variables, the association to PE was stronger with more types of PE. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of alcohol use, and lifetime use of cannabis, amphetamine and heroin were associated with PE. These effects were robust even when the substance use variables were adjusted against each other. This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Authors: Thomas Stephanus Johannes Vaessen; Lea de Jong; Annika Theresia Schäfer; Thomas Damen; Aniek Uittenboogaard; Pauline Krolinski; Chinyere Vicky Nwosu; Florentina Maria Egidius Pinckaers; Iris Leah Marije Rotee; Antonius Petrus Wilhelmus Smeets; Ayşegül Ermiş; James L Kennedy; Dorien H Nieman; Arun Tiwari; Jim van Os; Marjan Drukker Journal: PLoS One Date: 2018-02-14 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: Anne Bukten; Ingunn Olea Lund; Stuart A Kinner; Eline Borger Rognli; Ingrid Amalia Havnes; Ashley Elizabeth Muller; Marianne Riksheim Stavseth Journal: Health Justice Date: 2020-05-12