Philip M Farrell1, Terry B White2, Michelle S Howenstine3, Anne Munck4, Richard B Parad5, Margaret Rosenfeld6, Olaf Sommerburg7, Frank J Accurso8, Jane C Davies9, Michael J Rock1, Don B Sanders10, Michael Wilschanski11, Isabelle Sermet-Gaudelus12, Hannah Blau13, Silvia Gartner14, Susanna A McColley15. 1. Departments of Pediatrics and Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI. 2. Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Bethesda, MD. 3. Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy, and Sleep Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN. 4. Centres de Ressources et de Compétences pour la Mucoviscidose, Hôpital Robert Debre, Paris, France. 5. Department of Pediatric and Newborn Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. 6. Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. 7. Heidelberg Cystic Fibrosis Center, Heidelberg, Germany. 8. Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO. 9. Pediatric Respirology and Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London and Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton and Harefield National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom. 10. Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN. 11. Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. 12. Institut Necker Enfants Malades/INSERM U1151, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, Centres de Ressources et de Compétences pour la Mucoviscidose, Paris, France. 13. Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Graub Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pulmonary Institute Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel. 14. Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain. 15. Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Cystic fibrosis (CF) can be difficult to diagnose, even when newborn screening (NBS) tests yield positive results. This challenge is exacerbated by the multitude of NBS protocols, misunderstandings about screening vs diagnostic tests, and the lack of guidelines for presumptive diagnoses. There is also confusion regarding the designation of age at diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: To improve diagnosis and achieve standardization in definitions worldwide, the CF Foundation convened a committee of 32 experts with a mission to develop clear and actionable consensus guidelines on diagnosis of CF with an emphasis on screened populations, especially the newborn population. A comprehensive literature review was performed with emphasis on relevant articles published during the past decade. RESULTS: After reviewing the common screening protocols and outcome scenarios, 14 of 27 consensus statements were drafted that apply to screened populations. These were approved by 80% or more of the participants. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that all diagnoses be established by demonstrating dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, initially with a sweat chloride test and, when needed, potentially with newer methods assessing membrane transport directly, such as intestinal current measurements. Even in babies with 2 CF-causing mutations detected via NBS, diagnosis must be confirmed by demonstrating CFTR dysfunction. The committee also recommends that the latest classifications identified in the Clinical and Functional Translation of CFTR project [http://www.cftr2.org/index.php] should be used to aid with CF diagnosis. Finally, to avoid delays in treatment, we provide guidelines for presumptive diagnoses and recommend how to determine the age of diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE:Cystic fibrosis (CF) can be difficult to diagnose, even when newborn screening (NBS) tests yield positive results. This challenge is exacerbated by the multitude of NBS protocols, misunderstandings about screening vs diagnostic tests, and the lack of guidelines for presumptive diagnoses. There is also confusion regarding the designation of age at diagnosis. STUDY DESIGN: To improve diagnosis and achieve standardization in definitions worldwide, the CF Foundation convened a committee of 32 experts with a mission to develop clear and actionable consensus guidelines on diagnosis of CF with an emphasis on screened populations, especially the newborn population. A comprehensive literature review was performed with emphasis on relevant articles published during the past decade. RESULTS: After reviewing the common screening protocols and outcome scenarios, 14 of 27 consensus statements were drafted that apply to screened populations. These were approved by 80% or more of the participants. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that all diagnoses be established by demonstrating dysfunction of the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel, initially with a sweat chloride test and, when needed, potentially with newer methods assessing membrane transport directly, such as intestinal current measurements. Even in babies with 2 CF-causing mutations detected via NBS, diagnosis must be confirmed by demonstrating CFTR dysfunction. The committee also recommends that the latest classifications identified in the Clinical and Functional Translation of CFTR project [http://www.cftr2.org/index.php] should be used to aid with CF diagnosis. Finally, to avoid delays in treatment, we provide guidelines for presumptive diagnoses and recommend how to determine the age of diagnosis.
Authors: Jeffrey S Wagener; Stefanie J Millar; Nicole Mayer-Hamblett; Gregory S Sawicki; Edward F McKone; Christopher H Goss; Michael W Konstan; Wayne J Morgan; David J Pasta; Richard B Moss Journal: J Cyst Fibros Date: 2017-10-31 Impact factor: 5.482
Authors: Scott C Bell; Marcus A Mall; Hector Gutierrez; Milan Macek; Susan Madge; Jane C Davies; Pierre-Régis Burgel; Elizabeth Tullis; Claudio Castaños; Carlo Castellani; Catherine A Byrnes; Fiona Cathcart; Sanjay H Chotirmall; Rebecca Cosgriff; Irmgard Eichler; Isabelle Fajac; Christopher H Goss; Pavel Drevinek; Philip M Farrell; Anna M Gravelle; Trudy Havermans; Nicole Mayer-Hamblett; Nataliya Kashirskaya; Eitan Kerem; Joseph L Mathew; Edward F McKone; Lutz Naehrlich; Samya Z Nasr; Gabriela R Oates; Ciaran O'Neill; Ulrike Pypops; Karen S Raraigh; Steven M Rowe; Kevin W Southern; Sheila Sivam; Anne L Stephenson; Marco Zampoli; Felix Ratjen Journal: Lancet Respir Med Date: 2019-09-27 Impact factor: 30.700
Authors: Alethéa Guimarães Faria; Fernando Augusto Lima Marson; Carla Cristina Souza Gomez; Maria de Fátima Servidoni; Antônio Fernando Ribeiro; José Dirceu Ribeiro Journal: Front Pediatr Date: 2017-10-26 Impact factor: 3.418
Authors: Tyler R Ray; Maja Ivanovic; Paul M Curtis; Daniel Franklin; Kerem Guventurk; William J Jeang; Joseph Chafetz; Hannah Gaertner; Grace Young; Steve Rebollo; Jeffrey B Model; Stephen P Lee; John Ciraldo; Jonathan T Reeder; Aurélie Hourlier-Fargette; Amay J Bandodkar; Jungil Choi; Alexander J Aranyosi; Roozbeh Ghaffari; Susanna A McColley; Shannon Haymond; John A Rogers Journal: Sci Transl Med Date: 2021-03-31 Impact factor: 17.956
Authors: Erik H Van Iterson; Sarah E Baker; Courtney M Wheatley; Wayne J Morgan; Thomas P Olson; Eric M Snyder Journal: Clin Med Insights Circ Respir Pulm Med Date: 2018-07-25