Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile infection using fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

We recently compared results of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with refractory, recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI), with and without underlying inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Here we extend this cohort and analyze outcomes in greater detail by subtype of IBD. We find that FMT is generally effective in breaking the cycle of CDI recurrence, but its effects on overall IBD progression are much less predictable. We discuss several challenges intrinsic to this complex clinical situation and outline the next steps that can address these challenges going forward.