Małgorzata Nita 1 , Andrzej Grzybowski 2 Show Affiliations »
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking has detrimental influence on human health. AIM: The analysis of influence of tobacco smoking on retina diseases, uveitis, optic neuropathies, and thyroidassociated orbitopathy in adults and children. METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, covering the years 2000-2016. RESULTS: In adults, tobacco smoking is a strong risk factor for age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, uveitis and inflamed cystoid macular edema as well as Grave`s ophthalmopathy. Tobacco smoking reduces thickness of the retina and choroid, plays a role in episcleritis, sclerits, tobacco optic neuropathy, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. In children, maternal smoking is a significant risk factor for stages 3 and 4 retinopathy of prematurity, optic nerve hypoplasia among babies with a birth weight over 2500 g and thinner retinal nerve fiber layer. CONCLUSION: Tobacco smoking plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many posterior eye segment diseases leading to blindness in adults and children. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.
BACKGROUND: Tobacco smoking has detrimental influence on human health. AIM: The analysis of influence of tobacco smoking on retina diseases , uveitis , optic neuropathies , and thyroidassociated orbitopathy in adults and children . METHODS: A comprehensive review of the literature performed through MEDLINE and PubMed searches, covering the years 2000-2016. RESULTS: In adults, tobacco smoking is a strong risk factor for age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy , uveitis and inflamed cystoid macular edema as well as Grave`s ophthalmopathy . Tobacco smoking reduces thickness of the retina and choroid, plays a role in episcleritis , sclerits, tobacco optic neuropathy , and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy . In children , maternal smoking is a significant risk factor for stages 3 and 4 retinopathy of prematurity, optic nerve hypoplasia among babies with a birth weight over 2500 g and thinner retinal nerve fiber layer. CONCLUSION: Tobacco smoking plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many posterior eye segment diseases leading to blindness in adults and children . Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.
Entities: Disease
Species
Keywords:
Tobacco smoking; adults; children; ocular inflammation; optic neuropathy; orbitopathy; retinopathy
Mesh： See more »
Year: 2017
PMID： 28078992 DOI： 10.2174/1381612823666170111095723
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Curr Pharm Des ISSN： 1381-6128 Impact factor: 3.116