| Literature DB >> 28062161 |
José María Marimón1, José María Navarro-Marí2.
Abstract
Acute respiratory infections are the second cause of morbidity and mortality in children and adults worldwide, being viruses, bacteria and fungi involved in their etiology. The rapid diagnosis allows for a better clinical management of the patient, for adopting public health measures and for controlling possible outbreaks. The main etiologic agents can be diagnosed within the first hours after the onset of symptoms with antigen detection techniques, primarily immunochromatography. Results are obtained in 15-30minutes, with 70-90% sensitivity and >95% specificity for the diagnosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila serogroup O1 infections from urine, Streptococcus pyogenes from throat swabs and respiratory syncytial virus from nasopharyngeal aspirates. Worse results are obtained for influenza viruses and Pneumocystis jirovecii with these techniques; however, other easy-to-perform molecular techniques are available for the rapid diagnosis of these microorganisms. In general, these techniques should not be used for monitoring the outcome or response to treatment.Entities:
Keywords: Diagnosis; Diagnóstico; Infección respiratoria; POCT; Point of care test; Respiratory infection
Mesh:
Year: 2017 PMID: 28062161 PMCID: PMC7126338 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.11.007
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin ISSN: 0213-005X Impact factor: 1.731
Figura 1Propuesta de algoritmo de flujo de trabajo racional y costo-efectivo para la investigación de virus respiratorios (VR).
a Excepto para pacientes incluidos en programas de vigilancia (p.ej. Red Nacional de Vigilancia de Gripe).
b Excepto situaciones especiales: embarazo, enfermedad de base predisponente, etc.; en los que se hará directamente TAAN.
c TAAN para otros VR (rinovirus, metapneumovirus…), pueden ser añadidos en pacientes con alto riesgo de enfermedad respiratoria grave.
Modificada de Navarro-Marí et al..
Figura 2Guía para la utilización de pruebas de detección del virus de la gripe durante periodos epidémicos.
Tinciones más comunes para el diagnóstico de la neumonía por Pneumocystis jirovecii en muestras respiratorias
| Tinción | Variante | Tiempo | Luz | Elemento que tiñe |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metenamina-plata | Original | 6–24 h | Visible | Quistes en negro sobre fondo verdoso |
| Gomori/Grocott | 1-2 h | |||
| Microondas | 30 min | |||
| KOH/calcofluor | 10 min | UV | Quistes fluorescentes | |
| Azul toluidina | 30 min | Visible | Quistes en azul sobre fondo gris | |
| Giemsa | Original | 30-60 min | Visible | Trofozoitos en violeta sobre fondo rosa |
| Rápido (Diff-Quik) | <5 min | |||
| Inmunofluorescencia | 30 min | UV | Quistes y trofozoitos en verde fluorescente |