Gillian M Gunning1, Kevin McArdle1, Mahmood Mirza1, Sharon Duffy1,2, Michael Gilvarry1, Patrick A Brouwer3. 1. Neuravi Ltd, Galway, Ireland. 2. Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Galway-Mayo Technologies Centre, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland. 3. Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite significant advancements in the procedural efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke in recent years, there still remains a portion of the population that does not achieve good recanalization. The reasons for this may be varied. We hypothesized that static friction between the clot and the vessel, or catheter wall might contribute to the difficulty in removing the clot. OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a relationship between clot composition and the resistance to sliding (friction) which might contribute to resistance to clot removal. METHODS: As clot composition can vary significantly, we investigated five different types of clot in order to measure their respective frictional properties. To do this, a custom-made testing apparatus was created, consisting of various replaceable low-friction surfaces on which the clots could be placed. The surface was then gradually tilted until the clots began to slide; the angle at which this occurred is related to the coefficient of friction of the clots. The experiment was repeated on a bovine aortic surface in order to confirm the results. RESULTS: We found that fibrin-rich clots (<20% red blood cell content) have a significantly higher coefficient of friction than clots with a red blood cell content >20%. This result was confirmed by repeating the experiment on a bovine aortic surface as a representation of the interaction between clots and the arterial wall. CONCLUSIONS: The friction properties of clots were found to be related to the content ratio of fibrin to red blood cells. Future imaging techniques that could show fibrin and red blood cell content might help us to predict the 'stickiness' of a clot. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
BACKGROUND: Despite significant advancements in the procedural efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy in patients with ischemic stroke in recent years, there still remains a portion of the population that does not achieve good recanalization. The reasons for this may be varied. We hypothesized that static friction between the clot and the vessel, or catheter wall might contribute to the difficulty in removing the clot. OBJECTIVE: To determine if there is a relationship between clot composition and the resistance to sliding (friction) which might contribute to resistance to clot removal. METHODS: As clot composition can vary significantly, we investigated five different types of clot in order to measure their respective frictional properties. To do this, a custom-made testing apparatus was created, consisting of various replaceable low-friction surfaces on which the clots could be placed. The surface was then gradually tilted until the clots began to slide; the angle at which this occurred is related to the coefficient of friction of the clots. The experiment was repeated on a bovine aortic surface in order to confirm the results. RESULTS: We found that fibrin-rich clots (<20% red blood cell content) have a significantly higher coefficient of friction than clots with a red blood cell content >20%. This result was confirmed by repeating the experiment on a bovine aortic surface as a representation of the interaction between clots and the arterial wall. CONCLUSIONS: The friction properties of clots were found to be related to the content ratio of fibrin to red blood cells. Future imaging techniques that could show fibrin and red blood cell content might help us to predict the 'stickiness' of a clot. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
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