Alessandra Marengoni1, Stefania Bandinelli2, Elisa Maietti3, Jack Guralnik4, Giovanni Zuliani3, Luigi Ferrucci5, Stefano Volpato3. 1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia Health & Wealth, Brescia, Italy. 2. Geriatric Unit, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Firenze, Italy. 3. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology, and Clinical Nutrition, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy. 4. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. 5. National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed, recall memory, and mortality. DESIGN: A cohort study (last follow-up December 2009). SETTING: Tuscany, Italy. PARTICIPANTS: Individual data from 1,014 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older with baseline gait speed and recall memory measurements and follow-up for a median time of 9.10 (IQR 7.1;9.3) years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.9 (7.3) years, and 55.8% women. Participants walking faster than 0.8 m/s were defined as fast walkers; good recall memory was defined as a score of 2 or 3 in the 3-word delayed recall section of the Mini-Mental State Examination. MEASUREMENTS: All-cause mortality. RESULTS: There were 302 deaths and the overall 100 person-year death rate was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.37-4.22). Both low gait speed and poor recall memory were associated with mortality when analysed separately (HR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.87-3.27 and HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.16-1.87, respectively). When we grouped participants according to both recall and gait speed, death rates (100 person-years) progressively increased from those with both good gait speed and memory (2.0; 95% CI: 1.6-2.5), to those with fast walk but poor memory (3.4; 95% CI: 2.8-4.2), to those with slow walk and good memory (8.8; 95% CI: 6.4-12.1), to those with both slow walk and poor memory (13.0; 95% CI: 10.6-16.1). In multivariate analysis, poor memory significantly increases mortality risk among persons with fast gait speed (HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04-1.89). CONCLUSION: In older persons, gait speed and recall memory are independent predictors of expected survival. Information on memory function might better stratify mortality risk among persons with fast gait speed.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed, recall memory, and mortality. DESIGN: A cohort study (last follow-up December 2009). SETTING: Tuscany, Italy. PARTICIPANTS: Individual data from 1,014 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older with baseline gait speed and recall memory measurements and follow-up for a median time of 9.10 (IQR 7.1;9.3) years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.9 (7.3) years, and 55.8% women. Participants walking faster than 0.8 m/s were defined as fast walkers; good recall memory was defined as a score of 2 or 3 in the 3-word delayed recall section of the Mini-Mental State Examination. MEASUREMENTS: All-cause mortality. RESULTS: There were 302 deaths and the overall 100 person-year death rate was 3.77 (95% CI: 3.37-4.22). Both low gait speed and poor recall memory were associated with mortality when analysed separately (HR = 2.47; 95% CI: 1.87-3.27 and HR = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.16-1.87, respectively). When we grouped participants according to both recall and gait speed, death rates (100 person-years) progressively increased from those with both good gait speed and memory (2.0; 95% CI: 1.6-2.5), to those with fast walk but poor memory (3.4; 95% CI: 2.8-4.2), to those with slow walk and good memory (8.8; 95% CI: 6.4-12.1), to those with both slow walk and poor memory (13.0; 95% CI: 10.6-16.1). In multivariate analysis, poor memory significantly increases mortality risk among persons with fast gait speed (HR = 1.40; 95% CI: 1.04-1.89). CONCLUSION: In older persons, gait speed and recall memory are independent predictors of expected survival. Information on memory function might better stratify mortality risk among persons with fast gait speed.
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