Nicole M Schmidt1, M Maria Glymour2, Theresa L Osypuk3. 1. Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Electronic address: schmidtn@umn.edu. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California. 3. Minnesota Population Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Test whether neighborhood mobility effects on adolescent risky behaviors varies at different developmental ages and gender. METHODS: The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) study randomly assigned volunteer families (1994-1997) to receive a Section 8 voucher to move to lower poverty neighborhoods versus a public housing control group. We tested three-way treatment, gender, and age-at-randomization interactions using intent-to-treat linear regression predicting a risky behavior index (RBI; measured in 2002, N = 2,829), defined as the fraction of 10 behaviors the youth reported (six measuring risky substance use [RSU], four measuring risky sexual behavior), and the RSU and risky sexual behavior subscales. RESULTS: The treatment main effect on RBI was nonsignificant for girls (B = -.01, 95% confidence interval -.024 to .014) and harmful for boys (B = .03, 95% confidence interval .009 to .059; treatment-gender interaction p = .01). The treatment, gender, and age interaction was significant for RBI (p = .02) and RSU (p ≤ .001). Treatment boys 10 years or older at randomization were more likely (p < .05) than controls to exhibit RBI and RSU, whereas there was no effect of treatment for boys <10 years. There were no treatment control differences by age for girls' RBI, but girls 9+ years were less likely than girls ≤8 years to exhibit RSU (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS:Moving families of boys aged 10 years or older with rental vouchers may have adverse consequences on risky behaviors but may be beneficial for girls' substance use. Developmental windows are different by gender for the effects of improving neighborhood contexts on adolescent risky behavior.
RCT Entities:
PURPOSE: Test whether neighborhood mobility effects on adolescent risky behaviors varies at different developmental ages and gender. METHODS: The Moving to Opportunity (MTO) study randomly assigned volunteer families (1994-1997) to receive a Section 8 voucher to move to lower poverty neighborhoods versus a public housing control group. We tested three-way treatment, gender, and age-at-randomization interactions using intent-to-treat linear regression predicting a risky behavior index (RBI; measured in 2002, N = 2,829), defined as the fraction of 10 behaviors the youth reported (six measuring risky substance use [RSU], four measuring risky sexual behavior), and the RSU and risky sexual behavior subscales. RESULTS: The treatment main effect on RBI was nonsignificant for girls (B = -.01, 95% confidence interval -.024 to .014) and harmful for boys (B = .03, 95% confidence interval .009 to .059; treatment-gender interaction p = .01). The treatment, gender, and age interaction was significant for RBI (p = .02) and RSU (p ≤ .001). Treatment boys 10 years or older at randomization were more likely (p < .05) than controls to exhibit RBI and RSU, whereas there was no effect of treatment for boys <10 years. There were no treatment control differences by age for girls' RBI, but girls 9+ years were less likely than girls ≤8 years to exhibit RSU (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Moving families of boys aged 10 years or older with rental vouchers may have adverse consequences on risky behaviors but may be beneficial for girls' substance use. Developmental windows are different by gender for the effects of improving neighborhood contexts on adolescent risky behavior.
Authors: Jens Ludwig; Lisa Sanbonmatsu; Lisa Gennetian; Emma Adam; Greg J Duncan; Lawrence F Katz; Ronald C Kessler; Jeffrey R Kling; Stacy Tessler Lindau; Robert C Whitaker; Thomas W McDade Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2011-10-20 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Quynh C Nguyen; Nicole M Schmidt; M Maria Glymour; David H Rehkopf; Theresa L Osypuk Journal: Health Place Date: 2013-05-24 Impact factor: 4.078
Authors: Theresa L Osypuk; Eric J Tchetgen Tchetgen; Dolores Acevedo-Garcia; Felton J Earls; Alisa Lincoln; Nicole M Schmidt; M Maria Glymour Journal: Arch Gen Psychiatry Date: 2012-12