Paddy C Dempsey1,2, Jennifer M Blankenship3, Robyn N Larsen4, Julian W Sacre4, Parneet Sethi4, Nora E Straznicky4, Neale D Cohen4, Ester Cerin4,5,6, Gavin W Lambert4,7, Neville Owen4,7,8,9, Bronwyn A Kingwell4,7, David W Dunstan4,7,10,11,12,13. 1. Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. paddy.dempsey@bakeridi.edu.au. 2. Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. paddy.dempsey@bakeridi.edu.au. 3. Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA. 4. Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. 5. School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China. 6. Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 7. Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 8. Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 9. Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 10. Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 11. Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 12. School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. 13. School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to examine the effect of interrupting 7 h prolonged sitting with brief bouts of walking or resistance activities on 22 h glucose homeostasis (including nocturnal-to-following morning hyperglycaemia) in adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This study is an extension of a previously published randomised crossover trial, which included 24 inactive overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes (14 men; 62 ± 6 years) who completed three 7 h laboratory conditions, separated by 6-14 day washout periods: SIT: (1) prolonged sitting (control); (2) light-intensity walking (LW): sitting plus 3 min bouts of light-intensity walking at 3.2 km/h every 30 min; (3) simple resistance activities (SRA): sitting plus 3 min bouts of simple resistance activities (alternating half-squats, calf raises, brief gluteal contractions and knee raises) every 30 min. In the present study, continuous glucose monitoring was performed for 22 h, encompassing the 7 h laboratory trial, the evening free-living period after leaving the laboratory and sleeping periods. Meals and meal times were standardised across conditions for all participants. RESULTS: Compared with SIT, both LW and SRA reduced 22 h glucose [SIT: 11.6 ± 0.3 mmol/l, LW: 8.9 ± 0.3 mmol/l, SRA: 8.7 ± 0.3 mmol/l; p < 0.001] and nocturnal mean glucose concentrations [SIT: 10.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, LW: 8.1 ± 0.4 mmol/l, SRA: 8.3 ± 0.4 mmol/l; p < 0.001]. Furthermore, mean glucose concentrations were sustained nocturnally at a lower level until the morning following the intervention for both LW and SRA (waking glucose both -2.7 ± 0.4 mmol/l compared with SIT; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Interrupting 7 h prolonged sitting time with either LW or SRA reduced 22 h hyperglycaemia. The glycaemic improvements persisted after these laboratory conditions and nocturnally, until waking the following morning. These findings may have implications for adults with relatively well-controlled type 2 diabetes who engage in prolonged periods of sitting, for example, highly desk-bound workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: anzctr.org.au ACTRN12613000576729 FUNDING: : This research was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grant (no. 1081734) and the Victorian Government Operational Infrastructure Support scheme.
RCT Entities:
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We aimed to examine the effect of interrupting 7 h prolonged sitting with brief bouts of walking or resistance activities on 22 h glucose homeostasis (including nocturnal-to-following morning hyperglycaemia) in adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: This study is an extension of a previously published randomised crossover trial, which included 24 inactive overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes (14 men; 62 ± 6 years) who completed three 7 h laboratory conditions, separated by 6-14 day washout periods: SIT: (1) prolonged sitting (control); (2) light-intensity walking (LW): sitting plus 3 min bouts of light-intensity walking at 3.2 km/h every 30 min; (3) simple resistance activities (SRA): sitting plus 3 min bouts of simple resistance activities (alternating half-squats, calf raises, brief gluteal contractions and knee raises) every 30 min. In the present study, continuous glucose monitoring was performed for 22 h, encompassing the 7 h laboratory trial, the evening free-living period after leaving the laboratory and sleeping periods. Meals and meal times were standardised across conditions for all participants. RESULTS: Compared with SIT, both LW and SRA reduced 22 h glucose [SIT: 11.6 ± 0.3 mmol/l, LW: 8.9 ± 0.3 mmol/l, SRA: 8.7 ± 0.3 mmol/l; p < 0.001] and nocturnal mean glucose concentrations [SIT: 10.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, LW: 8.1 ± 0.4 mmol/l, SRA: 8.3 ± 0.4 mmol/l; p < 0.001]. Furthermore, mean glucose concentrations were sustained nocturnally at a lower level until the morning following the intervention for both LW and SRA (waking glucose both -2.7 ± 0.4 mmol/l compared with SIT; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/ INTERPRETATION: Interrupting 7 h prolonged sitting time with either LW or SRA reduced 22 h hyperglycaemia. The glycaemic improvements persisted after these laboratory conditions and nocturnally, until waking the following morning. These findings may have implications for adults with relatively well-controlled type 2 diabetes who engage in prolonged periods of sitting, for example, highly desk-bound workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION: anzctr.org.au ACTRN12613000576729 FUNDING: : This research was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grant (no. 1081734) and the Victorian Government Operational Infrastructure Support scheme.
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