Yu Gu1,2, Hiran Perinpanayagam3, David J W Kum4, Yeon-Jee Yoo1, Jin-Sun Jeong5, Sang-Min Lim1, Seok-Woo Chang6, Seung-Ho Baek1, Qiang Zhu7, Kee-Yeon Kum1. 1. 1 Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul National University School of Dentistry , Seoul, Republic of Korea. 2. 2 Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Stomatology, Shandong University , Jinan, China . 3. 3 Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario , London, Canada . 4. 4 Department of Biology, Siena College , Loudonville, New York. 5. 5 Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Yonsei University Medical Center, Oral Science Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University , Seoul, Republic of Korea. 6. 6 Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University , Seoul, Republic of Korea. 7. 7 Division of Endodontology, Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center , School of Dental Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of five intracanal agitation techniques on the penetration of irrigant and sealer into dentinal tubules. BACKGROUND DATA: Intracanal agitation techniques could promote chemomechanical debridement and the sealing of root canals during endodontic treatment. However, there is limited evidence for the agitation effect of Nd:YAP laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human maxillary premolars with single straight canals (N = 60) were prepared with ProTaper Next® NiTi rotary files (Dentsply Maillefer) up to X4 (ISO 40 size). Rhodamine B-labeled sodium hypochlorite was used for final irrigation together with the conventional syringe (control), sonic, ultrasonic, Nd:YAP laser, or V-Clean™ endodontic agitation system. All canals were obturated with gutta-percha and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled AH Plus sealer. Transverse sections were obtained at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex and observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Maximum penetration depth and penetration percentage of both irrigant and sealer were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were performed for multiple comparisons. The Spearman coefficient was calculated to confirm correlations between irrigant and sealer penetration. RESULTS: Laser agitation attained the most irrigant and sealer penetration depth and penetration percentage (p < 0.05). Sonic and ultrasonic agitation attained significantly more penetration percentage than the control group at 2 mm from the apex (p < 0.05). Patterns of irrigant and sealer penetration correlated significantly for all agitation techniques (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nd:YAP laser was superior to other agitation techniques in dentinal tubule penetration of irrigant and sealer at one or more sectioned levels from the apex.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of five intracanal agitation techniques on the penetration of irrigant and sealer into dentinal tubules. BACKGROUND DATA: Intracanal agitation techniques could promote chemomechanical debridement and the sealing of root canals during endodontic treatment. However, there is limited evidence for the agitation effect of Nd:YAP laser. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Human maxillary premolars with single straight canals (N = 60) were prepared with ProTaper Next® NiTi rotary files (Dentsply Maillefer) up to X4 (ISO 40 size). Rhodamine B-labeled sodium hypochlorite was used for final irrigation together with the conventional syringe (control), sonic, ultrasonic, Nd:YAP laser, or V-Clean™ endodontic agitation system. All canals were obturated with gutta-percha and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled AH Plus sealer. Transverse sections were obtained at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex and observed under confocal laser scanning microscopy. Maximum penetration depth and penetration percentage of both irrigant and sealer were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were performed for multiple comparisons. The Spearman coefficient was calculated to confirm correlations between irrigant and sealer penetration. RESULTS: Laser agitation attained the most irrigant and sealer penetration depth and penetration percentage (p < 0.05). Sonic and ultrasonic agitation attained significantly more penetration percentage than the control group at 2 mm from the apex (p < 0.05). Patterns of irrigant and sealer penetration correlated significantly for all agitation techniques (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Nd:YAP laser was superior to other agitation techniques in dentinal tubule penetration of irrigant and sealer at one or more sectioned levels from the apex.