Ciro Esposito1, Maria Escolino2, Francois Varlet3, Amulya Saxena4, Sabine Irtan5, Paul Philippe6, Alessandro Settimi2, Mariapina Cerulo2, Holger Till7, Francois Becmeur8, George W Holcomb9. 1. Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy. ciroespo@unina.it. 2. Department of Translational Medical Sciences, "Federico II" University of Naples, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy. 3. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nord Hospital, University Medical Center, Saint-Etienne, France. 4. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Chelsea Children Hospital, London, UK. 5. Department of Pediatric Surgery, APHP Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France. 6. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Pediatric Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. 7. Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria. 8. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. 9. Department of Surgery, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to standardize the surgical correction technique of congenital Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia (CMDH), analyzing the results of an international multicentric survey. METHODS: The medical records of 43 patients (29 boys, 14 girls) who underwent laparoscopic repair of CMDH in 8 pediatric surgery units in a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Their average age was 3.3 years. Ten patients (23.2%) presented associated malformations: 9 Down syndrome (20.9%) and 1 palate cleft (2.3%). Thirty-five patients (81.4%) were asymptomatic, whereas 8 patients (18.6%) presented symptoms such as respiratory distress, cough or abdominal pain. As for preoperative work-up, all patients received a chest X-ray (100%), 15/43 (34.8%) a CT scan, 8/43 (18.6%) a barium enema and 4/43 (9.3%) a US. RESULTS: No conversion to open surgery was reported. Average operative time was 61.2 min (range 45-110 min). In 38/43 (88.3%) patients, a trans-parietal stitch was positioned in order to reduce the tension during the repair. In 14/43 cases (32.5%), the sac was resected; in only 1/43 case (2.3%) a dual mesh of goretex was adopted to reinforce the closure. Average hospital stay was 2.8 days. The average follow-up was 4.2 years, and it consisted in annual clinical controls and chest X-ray. We recorded 2 complications (4.6%): one small pleural opening that required no drain and one recurrence (2.3%), re-operated in laparoscopy, with no further recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series published in the literature on this topic. Laparoscopic CMDH repair is well standardized: The full-thickness anterior abdominal wall repair using non-resorbable suture with interrupted stitches is the technique of choice. Postoperative outcome was excellent. Recurrence rate was very low, about 2% in our series. We believe that children with CMDH should be always treated in laparoscopy following the technical details reported in this paper.
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to standardize the surgical correction technique of congenital Morgagni diaphragmatic hernia (CMDH), analyzing the results of an international multicentric survey. METHODS: The medical records of 43 patients (29 boys, 14 girls) who underwent laparoscopic repair of CMDH in 8 pediatric surgery units in a 5-year period were retrospectively reviewed. Their average age was 3.3 years. Ten patients (23.2%) presented associated malformations: 9 Down syndrome (20.9%) and 1 palate cleft (2.3%). Thirty-five patients (81.4%) were asymptomatic, whereas 8 patients (18.6%) presented symptoms such as respiratory distress, cough or abdominal pain. As for preoperative work-up, all patients received a chest X-ray (100%), 15/43 (34.8%) a CT scan, 8/43 (18.6%) a barium enema and 4/43 (9.3%) a US. RESULTS: No conversion to open surgery was reported. Average operative time was 61.2 min (range 45-110 min). In 38/43 (88.3%) patients, a trans-parietal stitch was positioned in order to reduce the tension during the repair. In 14/43 cases (32.5%), the sac was resected; in only 1/43 case (2.3%) a dual mesh of goretex was adopted to reinforce the closure. Average hospital stay was 2.8 days. The average follow-up was 4.2 years, and it consisted in annual clinical controls and chest X-ray. We recorded 2 complications (4.6%): one small pleural opening that required no drain and one recurrence (2.3%), re-operated in laparoscopy, with no further recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest series published in the literature on this topic. Laparoscopic CMDH repair is well standardized: The full-thickness anterior abdominal wall repair using non-resorbable suture with interrupted stitches is the technique of choice. Postoperative outcome was excellent. Recurrence rate was very low, about 2% in our series. We believe that children with CMDH should be always treated in laparoscopy following the technical details reported in this paper.
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