Max Kiugel1, Ville Kytö2,3, Tiina Saanijoki1, Heidi Liljenbäck1,4, Olli Metsälä1, Mia Ståhle1, Johanna Tuomela5, Xiang-Guo Li1,6, Pekka Saukko7, Juhani Knuuti1,8, Anne Roivainen1,4,8, Antti Saraste9,10,11. 1. Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20521, Turku, Finland. 2. Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 3. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 4. Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 5. Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 6. Turku PET Centre, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland. 7. Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 8. Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 9. Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, 20521, Turku, Finland. antti.saraste@utu.fi. 10. Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. antti.saraste@utu.fi. 11. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. antti.saraste@utu.fi.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2/9) play a role in extracellular matrix remodeling after an ischemic myocardial injury. We evaluated 68Ga-DOTA-peptide targeting MMP-2/9 for the detection of gelatinase expression after myocardial infarction (MI) in rat. METHODS: Rats were injected with 43 ± 7.7 MBq of 68Ga-DOTA-peptide targeting MMP-2/9 at 7 days (n = 7) or 4 weeks (n = 8) after permanent coronary ligation or sham operation (n = 5 at both time points) followed by positron emission tomography (PET). The left ventricle was cut in frozen sections for autoradiography and immunohistochemistry 30 minutes after tracer injection. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining showed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressing cells, CD31-positive endothelial cells, and CD68-positive macrophages in the infarcted myocardium. Autoradiography showed increased tracer uptake in the infarcted area both at 7 days and 4 weeks after MI (MI-to-remote area ratio 2.5 ± 0.46 and 3.1 ± 1.0, respectively). Tracer uptake in damaged tissue correlated with the amount of CD68-positive macrophages at 7 days after MI, and CD31-positive endothelial cells at 7 days and 4 weeks after MI. The tracer was rapidly metabolized, radioactivity in the blood exceeded that of the myocardium, and tracer accumulation in the heart was not detectable by in vivo PET. CONCLUSIONS: 68Ga-DOTA-peptide targeting MMP-2/9 accumulates in the damaged rat myocardium after an ischemic injury, but tracer instability and slow clearance in vivo make it unsuitable for further evaluation.
BACKGROUND:Matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2/9) play a role in extracellular matrix remodeling after an ischemic myocardial injury. We evaluated 68Ga-DOTA-peptide targeting MMP-2/9 for the detection of gelatinase expression after myocardial infarction (MI) in rat. METHODS:Rats were injected with 43 ± 7.7 MBq of 68Ga-DOTA-peptide targeting MMP-2/9 at 7 days (n = 7) or 4 weeks (n = 8) after permanent coronary ligation or sham operation (n = 5 at both time points) followed by positron emission tomography (PET). The left ventricle was cut in frozen sections for autoradiography and immunohistochemistry 30 minutes after tracer injection. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining showed MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressing cells, CD31-positive endothelial cells, and CD68-positive macrophages in the infarcted myocardium. Autoradiography showed increased tracer uptake in the infarcted area both at 7 days and 4 weeks after MI (MI-to-remote area ratio 2.5 ± 0.46 and 3.1 ± 1.0, respectively). Tracer uptake in damaged tissue correlated with the amount of CD68-positive macrophages at 7 days after MI, and CD31-positive endothelial cells at 7 days and 4 weeks after MI. The tracer was rapidly metabolized, radioactivity in the blood exceeded that of the myocardium, and tracer accumulation in the heart was not detectable by in vivo PET. CONCLUSIONS: 68Ga-DOTA-peptide targeting MMP-2/9 accumulates in the damaged rat myocardium after an ischemic injury, but tracer instability and slow clearance in vivo make it unsuitable for further evaluation.
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