Lilia Y Kucheryavykh1, Josué Dávila-Rodríguez2, David E Rivera-Aponte3, Lidia V Zueva4, A Valance Washington5, Priscilla Sanabria6, Mikhail Y Inyushin7. 1. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, (P.O. Box 60327), USA. Electronic address: lilia.kucheryavykh@uccaribe.edu. 2. School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, (P.O. Box 60327), USA. Electronic address: jdavilaro41@gmail.com. 3. Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, (P.O. Box 60327), USA. Electronic address: david.rivera11@upr.edu. 4. Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00936, USA. Electronic address: lzueva@gmail.com. 5. Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, (P.O. Box 60327), USA; The Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico Rio Piedras, San Juan, PR 00936, USA. Electronic address: anthony.washington@upr.edu. 6. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, (P.O. Box 60327), USA. Electronic address: psanabriar@gmail.com. 7. Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Universidad Central del Caribe, Bayamon, PR 00960-6032, (P.O. Box 60327), USA. Electronic address: mikhail.inyushin@uccaribe.edu.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Platelets contain beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) as well as Aβ peptide (Aβ) that can be released upon activation. During thrombosis, platelets are concentrated in clots and activated. METHODS: We used in vivo fluorescent analysis and electron microscopy in mice to determine to what degree platelets are concentrated in clots. We used immunostaining to visualize Aβ after photothrombosis in mouse brains. RESULTS: Both in vivo results and electron microscopy revealed that platelets were 300-500 times more concentrated in clots than in non-clotted blood. After thrombosis in control mice, but not in thrombocytopenic animals, Aβ immunofluorescence was present inside blood vessels in the visual cortex and around capillaries in the entorhinal cortex. CONCLUSION: The increased concentration of platelets allows enhanced release of Aβ during thrombosis, suggesting an additional source of Aβ in the brains of Alzheimer's patients that may arise if frequent micro-thrombosis events occur in their brains.
INTRODUCTION: Platelets contain beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) as well as Aβ peptide (Aβ) that can be released upon activation. During thrombosis, platelets are concentrated in clots and activated. METHODS: We used in vivo fluorescent analysis and electron microscopy in mice to determine to what degree platelets are concentrated in clots. We used immunostaining to visualize Aβ after photothrombosis in mouse brains. RESULTS: Both in vivo results and electron microscopy revealed that platelets were 300-500 times more concentrated in clots than in non-clotted blood. After thrombosis in control mice, but not in thrombocytopenic animals, Aβ immunofluorescence was present inside blood vessels in the visual cortex and around capillaries in the entorhinal cortex. CONCLUSION: The increased concentration of platelets allows enhanced release of Aβ during thrombosis, suggesting an additional source of Aβ in the brains of Alzheimer'spatients that may arise if frequent micro-thrombosis events occur in their brains.
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