Tracy K Richmond1, Erin C Dunn2,3,4, Carly E Milliren5, Clare Rosenfeld Evans6, S V Subramanian6. 1. Department of Medicine, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 2. Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 3. Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 4. Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. 5. Department of Medicine, Clinical Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. 6. Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To compare the simultaneous influence of schools and neighborhoods on adolescent body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Analyzing data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7 to 12 (n = 18,200), cross-classified multilevel modeling was used to examine the fixed and random effects of individuals, schools, and neighborhoods on adolescent BMI. Additionally, the ability of school and neighborhood demographics to explain racial/ethnic disparities in BMI was assessed. RESULTS: There were 18,200 students nested in 128 schools and 2,259 neighborhoods, with 2,757 unique combinations of schools and neighborhoods. In girls, schools (vojk = 0.18, CI: 0.06-0.33) contributed twice that of neighborhoods (uojk = 0.08, CI: 0.01-0.20) to the variance in BMI, while in males, schools (uojk = 0.15, CI: 0.05-0.30) and neighborhoods (vojk = 0.16, CI: 0.05-0.31) had similar contributions. The interaction of the neighborhood and school random effects contributed significantly to the variance of male and female BMI. Characteristics of neighborhoods and schools explained a large portion of the racial/ethnic disparity in female BMI. CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of a nationally representative sample including multiple racial and ethnic groups, the BMI variance of adolescent females was associated with schools more than neighborhoods. In males, there was no difference in school or neighborhood association with BMI.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the simultaneous influence of schools and neighborhoods on adolescent body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Analyzing data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents in grades 7 to 12 (n = 18,200), cross-classified multilevel modeling was used to examine the fixed and random effects of individuals, schools, and neighborhoods on adolescent BMI. Additionally, the ability of school and neighborhood demographics to explain racial/ethnic disparities in BMI was assessed. RESULTS: There were 18,200 students nested in 128 schools and 2,259 neighborhoods, with 2,757 unique combinations of schools and neighborhoods. In girls, schools (vojk = 0.18, CI: 0.06-0.33) contributed twice that of neighborhoods (uojk = 0.08, CI: 0.01-0.20) to the variance in BMI, while in males, schools (uojk = 0.15, CI: 0.05-0.30) and neighborhoods (vojk = 0.16, CI: 0.05-0.31) had similar contributions. The interaction of the neighborhood and school random effects contributed significantly to the variance of male and female BMI. Characteristics of neighborhoods and schools explained a large portion of the racial/ethnic disparity in female BMI. CONCLUSIONS: In an analysis of a nationally representative sample including multiple racial and ethnic groups, the BMI variance of adolescent females was associated with schools more than neighborhoods. In males, there was no difference in school or neighborhood association with BMI.
Authors: Cathleen D Zick; Ken R Smith; Jessie X Fan; Barbara B Brown; Ikuho Yamada; Lori Kowaleski-Jones Journal: Soc Sci Med Date: 2009-09-18 Impact factor: 4.634
Authors: Hoda S Abdel Magid; Carly E Milliren; Kathryn Rice; Nina Molanphy; Kennedy Ruiz; Holly C Gooding; Tracy K Richmond; Michelle C Odden; Jason M Nagata Journal: PLoS One Date: 2022-04-28 Impact factor: 3.752