Pinar Avci1,2,3, Fernanda Freire1,4, Andras Banvolgyi3, Eleftherios Mylonakis5, Norbert M Wikonkal3, Michael R Hamblin1,2,6. 1. Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. 2. Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA. 3. Department of Dermatology, Venerology & Dermato-Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1085, Hungary. 4. Department of Biosciences & Oral Diagnosis, Institute of Science & Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), São José dos Campos, São Paulo 12245-000, Brazil. 5. Infectious Diseases Division, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02912, USA. 6. Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences & Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Abstract
AIM: Ascorbate can inhibit growth and even decrease viability of various microbial species including Candida albicans. However the optimum conditions and the mechanism of action are unclear. Materials/methodology: Candida albicans shaken for 90 min in a buffered solution of ascorbate (90 mM) gave a 5-log reduction of cell viability, while there was no killing without shaking, in growth media with different carbon sources or at 4°C. Killing was inhibited by the iron chelator 2,2'-bipyridyl. Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein probe showed the intracellular generation of hydroxyl radicals. RESULTS/ CONCLUSION: Ascorbate-mediated killing of C. albicans depends on oxygenation and metabolism, involves iron-catalyzed generation of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton reaction and depletion of intracellular NADH. Ascorbate could serve as a component of a topical antifungal therapy.
AIM: Ascorbate can inhibit growth and even decrease viability of various microbial species including Candida albicans. However the optimum conditions and the mechanism of action are unclear. Materials/methodology: Candida albicans shaken for 90 min in a buffered solution of ascorbate (90 mM) gave a 5-log reduction of cell viability, while there was no killing without shaking, in growth media with different carbon sources or at 4°C. Killing was inhibited by the iron chelator 2,2'-bipyridyl. Hydroxyphenyl fluorescein probe showed the intracellular generation of hydroxyl radicals. RESULTS/ CONCLUSION:Ascorbate-mediated killing of C. albicans depends on oxygenation and metabolism, involves iron-catalyzed generation of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton reaction and depletion of intracellular NADH. Ascorbate could serve as a component of a topical antifungal therapy.
Entities:
Keywords:
Candida albicans; ascorbate; hydroxyl radicals; oxidative stress; vitamin C
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