Samir R Shah1, P N Rao2, Shiv K Sarin3, Abhijit Chowdhury4, Shobna Bhatia5, Rajesh Dharamsi6, B D Goswami7, Dharmesh Kapoor8, Rosang Luaia9, Rajiv Mehta10, Shrikant Mukewar11, V G Mohan Prasad12, Ramesh Roop Rai13, Sanjiv Saigal14, Devendra Singh15, Nirupama Trehanpati3, Sandra Chen16, Anuj Gaggar16, Steven J Knox16, G Mani Subramanian16, Shivaram Prasad Singh17, Ajit Sood18, Joy Varghese19, Raj Vigna Venugopal20. 1. Global Hospitals, 35, Dr. E Borges Road, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India. drshahsamir@gmail.com. 2. Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, 6-3-661, Somajiguda, Hyderabad, 500 082, India. 3. Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, D-1, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, Delhi, 110 070, India. 4. Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, 244 A.J.C Bose Road, Kolkata, 700 020, India. 5. Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital, Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai, 400 012, India. 6. Dharamsi Hospital, Chandni Chowk, South Shivaji Nagar, Nishant Colony, Sangli, 416 416, India. 7. Institute of Digestive and Liver Disease, Guwahati, Assam, India. 8. Global Hospitals, Lakdikapul, Hyderabad, 500 004, India. 9. Civil Hospital, Dawrpui, Aizawl, Mizoram, 796 001, India. 10. Liver Clinic, U-9 Jolly Plaza, Athwagate, Surat, 395 001, India. 11. Midas Institute of Gastroenterology, Midas Heights, Central Bazar Road, Ramdas Peth, Ramdaspeth, Nagpur, 440 012, India. 12. VGM Hospital, 2100, Trichy Road, Singanallur, Coimbatore, 641 005, India. 13. Rai Speciality Care Centre, H-6, Janpath, Shyam Nagar, Ajmer Road, Sodala, Jaipur, 302 019, India. 14. Medanta-The Medicity, Sector 38, Gurgaon, Delhi (NCR), 122 018, India. 15. Apollo Hospital, Bilaspur, Chattisgarh, 495 001, India. 16. Gilead Sciences, 333 Lakeside Dr, Foster City, CA, 94404, USA. 17. Department of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Manglabag, Cuttack, 753 007, India. 18. Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Tagore Nagar, Civil Lines, Ludhiana, 141 001, India. 19. Global Hospitals and Health City, 439, Cheran Nagar, Perumbakkam, Chennai, 600 100, India. 20. Manipal Hospitals, Bangalore, 560 017, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects millions of people in India, few studies have assessed host, viral, and disease characteristics of chronically infected patients at national and regional levels. Such information is critical to support large scale screening and treatment initiatives for chronic HCV infection in India. METHODS: Patients with known chronic HCV infection making routine or for-cause visits to the participating study centers were enrolled in this observational study. Patients attended a single outpatient visit during which demographics and medical history were collected, a physical examination was performed, and blood and urine samples were collected for laboratory assessments. Samples were analyzed to determine HCV genotypes and subtypes, and genotypes of interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) single nucleotide polymorphism. No therapeutic interventions were administered. RESULTS: We enrolled 500 patients at 19 centers, categorized into four geographic regions (North, South, East, and West). All patients self-identified as Indian, and most (66 %) were male. Genotype 3 was the most common genotype overall (54 %); however, its prevalence varied greatly by region, ranging from 34 % in the South to 69 % in the East. Genotypes 1 (24 %) and 4 (6 %) were the next most common, and HCV genotype could not be determined for 16 % of patients. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective survey suggests that demographics, viral, and host factors in patients with chronic HCV infection are highly variable in India and pose significant challenges for the implementation of broad-scale screening and treatment initiatives.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection affects millions of people in India, few studies have assessed host, viral, and disease characteristics of chronically infectedpatients at national and regional levels. Such information is critical to support large scale screening and treatment initiatives for chronic HCV infection in India. METHODS:Patients with known chronic HCV infection making routine or for-cause visits to the participating study centers were enrolled in this observational study. Patients attended a single outpatient visit during which demographics and medical history were collected, a physical examination was performed, and blood and urine samples were collected for laboratory assessments. Samples were analyzed to determine HCV genotypes and subtypes, and genotypes of interferon lambda 3 (IFNL3) single nucleotide polymorphism. No therapeutic interventions were administered. RESULTS: We enrolled 500 patients at 19 centers, categorized into four geographic regions (North, South, East, and West). All patients self-identified as Indian, and most (66 %) were male. Genotype 3 was the most common genotype overall (54 %); however, its prevalence varied greatly by region, ranging from 34 % in the South to 69 % in the East. Genotypes 1 (24 %) and 4 (6 %) were the next most common, and HCV genotype could not be determined for 16 % of patients. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective survey suggests that demographics, viral, and host factors in patients with chronic HCV infection are highly variable in India and pose significant challenges for the implementation of broad-scale screening and treatment initiatives.
Entities:
Keywords:
Chronic HCV; Hepatitis C prevalence in India; IL28B
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