Eveline A Germeraad1, Lenny Hogerwerf1, Tisbeh Faye-Joof2, Bart Goossens3, Wim van der Hoek1, Momodou Jeng4, Modou Lamin5, Ismaila L Manneh2, Davis Nwakanma5, Hendrik I J Roest6, Arss Secka4, Arjan Stegeman7, Rita Wegmüller8, Marianne A B van der Sande1,9, Ousman Secka5. 1. Centre for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands. 2. Department of Vaccinology, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia, Banjul, Fajara, The Gambia. 3. Kombo Veterinary Services, Bakau, Gambia. 4. International Trypanotolerance Centre, Banjul, The Gambia. 5. Department of Disease Control and Elimination, Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia, Banjul, Fajara, The Gambia. 6. Department of Bacteriology and Epidemiology, Central Veterinary Institute, part of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, The Netherlands. 7. Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 8. Medical Research Council (MRC) International Nutrition Group, MRC Unit The Gambia, Keneba, The Gambia. 9. Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis with significant impact on rural livelihoods and a potentially underestimated contributor to febrile illnesses. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and small ruminants in The Gambia. METHODS: The study was carried out in rural and urban areas. In 12 rural villages in Kiang West district, sera were collected from humans (n = 599) and small ruminants (n = 623) from the same compounds. From lactating small ruminants, milk samples and vaginal swabs were obtained. At the urban study sites, sera were collected from small ruminants (n = 500) from slaughterhouses and livestock markets. Information on possible risk factors for seropositivity was collected through questionnaires. Sera were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. with the Rose Bengal Test, ELISA and Micro Agglutination Test (human sera only). PCR was performed on 10 percent of the milk samples and vaginal swabs from small ruminants. RESULTS: One human and 14 sheep sera were positive by the Rose Bengal Test. The rest were negative in all serological tests used. The PCR results were all negative. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that brucellosis is currently not a generalized problem in humans or small ruminants in The Gambia.
BACKGROUND:Brucellosis is a worldwide zoonosis with significant impact on rural livelihoods and a potentially underestimated contributor to febrile illnesses. The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in humans and small ruminants in The Gambia. METHODS: The study was carried out in rural and urban areas. In 12 rural villages in Kiang West district, sera were collected from humans (n = 599) and small ruminants (n = 623) from the same compounds. From lactating small ruminants, milk samples and vaginal swabs were obtained. At the urban study sites, sera were collected from small ruminants (n = 500) from slaughterhouses and livestock markets. Information on possible risk factors for seropositivity was collected through questionnaires. Sera were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. with the Rose Bengal Test, ELISA and Micro Agglutination Test (human sera only). PCR was performed on 10 percent of the milk samples and vaginal swabs from small ruminants. RESULTS: One human and 14 sheep sera were positive by the Rose Bengal Test. The rest were negative in all serological tests used. The PCR results were all negative. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that brucellosis is currently not a generalized problem in humans or small ruminants in The Gambia.
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