Min Li1, Ye Yang2, Hong Jiang3, Giovanni Gregori4, Luiz Roisman4, Fang Zheng4, Bilian Ke5, Dongyi Qu4, Jianhua Wang6. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; School of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. 6. Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida. Electronic address: jwang3@med.miami.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of the retinal microvascular network and microcirculation in high myopia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, matched, comparative clinical study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty eyes of 20 subjects with nonpathological high myopia (28 ± 5 years of age) with a refractive error of -6.31 ± 1.23 D (mean ± SD) and 20 eyes of 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects (30 ± 6 years of age) with a refractive error of -1.40 ± 1.00 D were recruited. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to image the retinal microvascular network, which was later quantified by fractal analysis (box counting [Dbox], representing vessel density) in both superficial and deep vascular plexuses. The Retinal Function Imager was used to image the retinal microvessel blood flow velocity (BFV). The BFV and microvascular density in the myopia group were corrected for ocular magnification using Bennett's formula. RESULTS: The density of both superficial and deep microvascular plexuses was significantly decreased in the myopia group in comparison to the controls (P < .05). The decrease of the microvessel density of the annular zone (0.6-2.5 mm), measured as Dbox, was 2.1% and 2.9% in the superficial and deep vascular plexuses, respectively. Microvessel density reached a plateau from 0.5 mm to 1.25 mm from the fovea in both groups, but that in the myopic group was about 3% lower than the control group. No significant differences were detected between the groups in retinal microvascular BFV in either arterioles or venules (P > .05). Microvascular densities in both superficial (r = -0.45, P = .047) and deep (r = -0.54, P = .01) vascular plexuses were negatively correlated with the axial lengths in the myopic eye. No correlations were observed between BFV and vessel density (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal microvascular decrease was observed in the high myopia subjects, whereas the retinal microvessel BFV remained unchanged. The retinal microvascular network alteration may be attributed to ocular elongation that occurs with the progression of myopia. The novel quantitative analyses of the retinal microvasculature may help to characterize the underlying pathophysiology of myopia and enable early detection and prevention of myopic retinopathy.
PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of the retinal microvascular network and microcirculation in high myopia. DESIGN: A cross-sectional, matched, comparative clinical study. PARTICIPANTS: Twenty eyes of 20 subjects with nonpathological high myopia (28 ± 5 years of age) with a refractive error of -6.31 ± 1.23 D (mean ± SD) and 20 eyes of 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects (30 ± 6 years of age) with a refractive error of -1.40 ± 1.00 D were recruited. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was used to image the retinal microvascular network, which was later quantified by fractal analysis (box counting [Dbox], representing vessel density) in both superficial and deep vascular plexuses. The Retinal Function Imager was used to image the retinal microvessel blood flow velocity (BFV). The BFV and microvascular density in the myopia group were corrected for ocular magnification using Bennett's formula. RESULTS: The density of both superficial and deep microvascular plexuses was significantly decreased in the myopia group in comparison to the controls (P < .05). The decrease of the microvessel density of the annular zone (0.6-2.5 mm), measured as Dbox, was 2.1% and 2.9% in the superficial and deep vascular plexuses, respectively. Microvessel density reached a plateau from 0.5 mm to 1.25 mm from the fovea in both groups, but that in the myopic group was about 3% lower than the control group. No significant differences were detected between the groups in retinal microvascular BFV in either arterioles or venules (P > .05). Microvascular densities in both superficial (r = -0.45, P = .047) and deep (r = -0.54, P = .01) vascular plexuses were negatively correlated with the axial lengths in the myopic eye. No correlations were observed between BFV and vessel density (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Retinal microvascular decrease was observed in the high myopia subjects, whereas the retinal microvessel BFV remained unchanged. The retinal microvascular network alteration may be attributed to ocular elongation that occurs with the progression of myopia. The novel quantitative analyses of the retinal microvasculature may help to characterize the underlying pathophysiology of myopia and enable early detection and prevention of myopic retinopathy.
Authors: Alexander Pinhas; Moataz Razeen; Michael Dubow; Alexander Gan; Toco Y Chui; Nishit Shah; Mitul Mehta; Ronald C Gentile; Rishard Weitz; Joseph B Walsh; Yusufu N Sulai; Joseph Carroll; Alfredo Dubra; Richard B Rosen Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2014-11-20 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: H Noma; H Funatsu; M Yamasaki; H Tsukamoto; T Mimura; T Sone; T Hirayama; H Tamura; H Yamashita; A Minamoto; H K Mishima Journal: Eye (Lond) Date: 2006-07-07 Impact factor: 3.775
Authors: Yanin Suwan; Masoud Aghsaei Fard; Lawrence S Geyman; Apichat Tantraworasin; Toco Y Chui; Richard B Rosen; Robert Ritch Journal: JAMA Ophthalmol Date: 2018-05-01 Impact factor: 7.389
Authors: Min Fang; Keri Strand; Juan Zhang; Matthew Totillo; Qi Chen; Joseph F Signorile; Hong Jiang; Jianhua Wang Journal: Exp Gerontol Date: 2020-10-22 Impact factor: 4.032
Authors: W A J Birkhoff; L van Manen; J Dijkstra; M L De Kam; J C van Meurs; A F Cohen Journal: Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol Date: 2019-09-16 Impact factor: 3.117
Authors: Rafaella C Penteado; Linda M Zangwill; Fábio B Daga; Luke J Saunders; Patricia I C Manalastas; Takuhei Shoji; Tadamichi Akagi; Mark Christopher; Adeleh Yarmohammadi; Sasan Moghimi; Robert N Weinreb Journal: J Glaucoma Date: 2018-06 Impact factor: 2.503