Background: : Cholera remains a serious public health threat in Asia, Africa and in parts of the Americas. Three World health Organization (WHO) pre-qualified oral cholera vaccines are now available but their supply is limited, so current supplies must be administered strategically. This requires an improved understanding of disease transmission and control strategies. Methods: : We used demographics and disease surveillance data collected from 1991 to 2000 in Matlab, Bangladesh, to estimate the spatial and temporal extent of the zone of increased risk around cholera cases. Specifically, we compare the cholera incidence among individuals living close to cholera cases with that among individuals living close to those without medically-attended cholera in this rural endemic setting. Results: : Those living within 50 m of a confirmed cholera case had 36 times (95% confidence interval: 23-56) the risk of becoming a cholera case in the first 3 days (after case presentation) compared with risk elsewhere in the community. The relative risk gradually declined in space and time, but remained significantly high up to 450 me away within 3 days of case presentation, and up to 150 m away within 23 days from the date of presentation of the case. Conclusion: : These findings suggest that, if conducted rapidly, vaccinating individuals living close to a case (ring vaccination) could be an efficient and effective strategy to target vaccine to a high-risk population in an endemic setting.
Background: : Cholera remains a serious public health threat in Asia, Africa and in parts of the Americas. Three World health Organization (WHO) pre-qualified oral cholera vaccines are now available but their supply is limited, so current supplies must be administered strategically. This requires an improved understanding of disease transmission and control strategies. Methods: : We used demographics and disease surveillance data collected from 1991 to 2000 in Matlab, Bangladesh, to estimate the spatial and temporal extent of the zone of increased risk around cholera cases. Specifically, we compare the cholera incidence among individuals living close to cholera cases with that among individuals living close to those without medically-attended cholera in this rural endemic setting. Results: : Those living within 50 m of a confirmed cholera case had 36 times (95% confidence interval: 23-56) the risk of becoming a cholera case in the first 3 days (after case presentation) compared with risk elsewhere in the community. The relative risk gradually declined in space and time, but remained significantly high up to 450 me away within 3 days of case presentation, and up to 150 m away within 23 days from the date of presentation of the case. Conclusion: : These findings suggest that, if conducted rapidly, vaccinating individuals living close to a case (ring vaccination) could be an efficient and effective strategy to target vaccine to a high-risk population in an endemic setting.
Authors: Lauren D'Mello-Guyett; Katie Greenland; Sharla Bonneville; Rob D'hondt; Maria Mashako; Alexandre Gorski; Dorien Verheyen; Rafael Van den Bergh; Peter Maes; Francesco Checchi; Oliver Cumming Journal: Confl Health Date: 2020-07-24 Impact factor: 2.723
Authors: Francis H Nanzaluka; William W Davis; Lwito Mutale; Fred Kapaya; Patrick Sakubita; Nelia Langa; Angela Gama; Hammad S N'cho; Warren Malambo; Jennifer Murphy; Anna Blackstock; Eric Mintz; Margaret Riggs; Victor Mukonka; Nyambe Sinyange; Ellen Yard; Joan Brunkard Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2020-05-21 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Lucy A Parker; John Rumunu; Christine Jamet; Yona Kenyi; Richard Laku Lino; Joseph F Wamala; Allan M Mpairwe; Vincent Muller; Augusto E Llosa; Florent Uzzeni; Francisco J Luquero; Iza Ciglenecki; Andrew S Azman Journal: PLoS Negl Trop Dis Date: 2017-06-08