A prospective ophthalmic evaluation of patients with acute myeloid leukemia: correlation of ocular and hematologic findings.

We report the results of a prospective 2-year study of the ocular manifestations of myeloid leukemia. Fifty-three patients underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation prior to the initiation of treatment as well as during the course of their disease. All ocular abnormalities were confined to the retina and optic nerve and were present in 34 patients, 30 of whom had either hemorrhages or cotton-wool spots alone or in combination. These findings were unrelated to age, sex, French-American-British (FAB) classification, and pretreatment leukocyte count or hematocrit. Patients with retinopathy had significantly lower platelet counts than those without retinopathy. Three patients had funduscopic evidence of optic nerve edema. None of these had clinical evidence of CNS leukemia. The presence of retinopathy was unrelated to therapeutic response. There was complete resolution of all ocular findings in those patients surviving the induction phase of therapy.