K-W Nam1, C K Kim2,3, T J Kim1, S J An1, A M Demchuk3, Y Kim4, S Jung5, M-K Han5, S-B Ko1, B-W Yoon1. 1. Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea. 2. Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea. 3. Calgary Stroke Program, Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada. 4. Department of Neurology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. 5. Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The occurrence of stroke in cancer patients is caused by conventional vascular risk factors and cancer-specific mechanisms. However, cryptogenic stroke in patients with cancer was considered to be more related to cancer-specific hypercoagulability. In this study, we investigated the potential of the D-dimer level to serve as a predictor of early neurologic deterioration (END) in cryptogenic stroke patients with active cancer. METHODS: We recruited 109 cryptogenic stroke patients with active cancer within 72 h of symptom onset. We defined END as an increase of ≥1 point in the motor National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or ≥2 points in the total NIHSS score within 72 h of admission. After adjusting for potential confounding factors in the multivariate analysis, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of D-dimer in the prediction of END. RESULTS: Among 109 patients, END events were identified in 34 (31%) patients within 72 h. END was significantly associated with systemic metastasis, multiple vascular territory lesions on the initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), initial NIHSS score and D-dimer levels. In the multivariate analysis, the D-dimer level (adjusted OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17; P < 0.01) and initial NIHSS score (adjusted OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15; P = 0.03) predicted END after adjusting for potential confounding factors. In the subgroup analysis of 72 follow-up MRIs, D-dimer level was also correlated with new territory lesions on the follow-up MRI in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Ischemic stroke patients with active cancer and elevated D-dimer levels appear to be at increased risk for END recurrent thromboembolic stroke.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The occurrence of stroke in cancerpatients is caused by conventional vascular risk factors and cancer-specific mechanisms. However, cryptogenic stroke in patients with cancer was considered to be more related to cancer-specific hypercoagulability. In this study, we investigated the potential of the D-dimer level to serve as a predictor of early neurologic deterioration (END) in cryptogenic strokepatients with active cancer. METHODS: We recruited 109 cryptogenic strokepatients with active cancer within 72 h of symptom onset. We defined END as an increase of ≥1 point in the motor National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score or ≥2 points in the total NIHSS score within 72 h of admission. After adjusting for potential confounding factors in the multivariate analysis, we calculated the odds ratios (ORs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of D-dimer in the prediction of END. RESULTS: Among 109 patients, END events were identified in 34 (31%) patients within 72 h. END was significantly associated with systemic metastasis, multiple vascular territory lesions on the initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), initial NIHSS score and D-dimer levels. In the multivariate analysis, the D-dimer level (adjusted OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.04-1.17; P < 0.01) and initial NIHSS score (adjusted OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.01-1.15; P = 0.03) predicted END after adjusting for potential confounding factors. In the subgroup analysis of 72 follow-up MRIs, D-dimer level was also correlated with new territory lesions on the follow-up MRI in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION: Ischemic strokepatients with active cancer and elevated D-dimer levels appear to be at increased risk for END recurrent thromboembolic stroke.
Authors: Babak B Navi; Cenai Zhang; Carla P Sherman; Richard Genova; Natalie M LeMoss; Hooman Kamel; Scott T Tagawa; Ashish Saxena; Allyson J Ocean; Scott E Kasner; Mary Cushman; Mitchell S V Elkind; Ellinor Peerschke; Lisa M DeAngelis Journal: J Thromb Haemost Date: 2022-06-21 Impact factor: 16.036