Literature DB >> 27746932

Crystal structure of cis-di-chlorido-(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κ4N)chromium(III) (oxalato-κ2O1,O2)(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κ4N)chromium(III) bis(perchlorate) from synchrotron data.

Dohyun Moon1, Jong-Ha Choi2.   

Abstract

In the asymmetric unit of the title compound, [CrCl2(C10H24N4)][Cr(C2O4)(C10H24N4)](ClO4)2 (C10H24N4 = 1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane, cyclam; C2O4 = oxalate, ox), there are two independent halves of the [CrCl2(cyclam)]+ and [Cr(ox)(cyclam)]+ cations, and one perchlorate anion. In the complex cations, which are completed by application of twofold rotation symmetry, the CrIII ions are coordinated by the four N atoms of a cyclam ligand, and by two chloride ions or one oxalate bidentate ligand in a cis arrangement, displaying an overall distorted octa-hedral coordination environment. The Cr-N(cyclam) bond lengths are in the range of 2.075 (5) to 2.096 (4) Å while the Cr-Cl and Cr-O(ox) bond lengths are 2.3358 (14) and 1.956 (4) Å, respectively. Both cyclam moieties adopt the cis-V conformation. The slightly distorted tetra-hedral ClO4- anion remains outside the coordination sphere. The supra-molecular architecture includes N-H⋯O and N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding between cyclam NH donor groups, O atoms of the oxalate ligand or ClO4- anions and one Cl ligand as acceptors, leading to a three-dimensional network structure.

Entities:  

Keywords:  chloride ligand; chromium(III) complex; cis-V conformation; crystal structure; cyclam; hydrogen bonding; oxalato ligand; synchrotron radiation

Year:  2016        PMID: 27746932      PMCID: PMC5050767          DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016014134

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Acta Crystallogr E Crystallogr Commun


Chemical context

Transition metal complexes with cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetra­aza­cyclo­tetra­decane, C10H24N4) ligands can adopt both planar (trans) and folded (cis) configurations (Poon & Pun, 1980 ▸). The possible conformers of the trans isomer are trans-I (+ + + +), trans-II (+ – + +), trans-III (+ – – +) and trans-V (+ + – –), which differ in the chirality of the sec-NH groups (Choi, 2009 ▸) and where + indicates if the H atom of the NH group is above the plane of the macrocycle and – indicates if it is below. The trans-I, trans-II and trans-V conformations can fold to form cis-I, cis-II and cis-V conformers, as shown in Fig. 1 ▸. The trans-III conformation gives the most thermodynamically stable complex with two six-membered rings in chair and two five-membered rings in gauche conformations (Choi, 2009 ▸). However, the most stable conformation cannot fold to give the cis-III complex as this requires the diagonal NH groups to both lie above or below the plane of the macrocycle.
Figure 1

Possible conformers of cis-[CrL 2(cyclam)]n+ complexes.

Recently, it has been shown that cyclam derivatives and their metal complexes exhibit anti-HIV activity (Ronconi & Sadler, 2007 ▸; De Clercq, 2010 ▸; Ross et al., 2012 ▸). The conformation of the macrocyclic ligand and the orientations of the N—H bonds are very important factors for co-receptor recognition. Therefore, knowledge of the conformation and crystal packing of transition metal complexes containing the cyclam ligand has become important in the development of new highly effective anti-HIV drugs that specially target alternative events in the HIV replicative cycle (De Clercq, 2010 ▸). In this communication, we report on the synthesis and structural characterization of a new double complex, [CrCl2(cyclam)][Cr(ox)(cyclam)](ClO4)2, (I).

Structural commentary

The asymmetric unit contains two halves of the [CrCl2(cyclam)]+ and [Cr(ox)(cyclam)]+ cations, and one perchlorate anion. Each cyclam moiety exhibits point group symmetry ..2 and can be described as being in the cis-V (anti–anti) conformation (Fig. 1 ▸). In each complex cation, the CrIII ions are coordinated by the N atoms of the cyclam ligands; two oxygen atoms of the oxalato ligand for one and two chlorido ligands for the other cation complete distorted octa­hedral coordination spheres binding their N atoms in a cis configuration (Fig. 1 ▸). The Cr—N bond lengths from the donor atoms of the cyclam ligands are in the range of 2.075 (5) to 2.096 (4) Å, in good agreement with those determined in cis-[Cr(N3)2(cyclam)]ClO4 [2.069 (3)–2.103 (3) Å] (Meyer et al., 1998 ▸), cis-[Cr(ONO)2(cyclam)]NO2 [2.0874 (16)–2.0916 (15) Å] (Choi et al., 2004a ▸), [Cr(acac)(cyclam)](ClO4)2·0.5H2O [2.070 (5)–2.089 (5) Å] (acac = acetyl­acetonate; Subhan et al., 2011 ▸) and cis-[Cr(NCS)2(cyclam)]NCS [2.0851 (14)–2.0897 (14) Å] (Moon et al., 2013 ▸). However, the Cr—N bond lengths of the cyclam ligand in the cis conformation are slightly longer than those found in trans-[Cr(NCS)2(cyclam)]ClO4 [2.046 (2)–2.060 (2) Å] (Friesen et al., 1997 ▸), trans-[Cr(ONO)2(cyclam)]BF4 [2.064 (4)–2.073 (4) Å] (De Leo et al., 2000 ▸), trans-[Cr(NH3)2(cyclam)][ZnCl4]Cl·H2O [2.0501 (15)–2.0615 (15) Å] (Moon & Choi, 2016 ▸) and trans-[Cr(nic-O)2(cyclam)]ClO4 [2.058 (4)–2.064 (4) Å] (nic-O = O-coordinated nicotinate; Choi, 2009 ▸). The Cr—N bond lengths of the secondary amine are also comparable to those involving the primary amine found in trans-[CrCl2(Me2tn)2]2ZnCl4 (Me2tn = 2,2-di­methyl­propane-1,3-di­amine; Choi et al., 2011 ▸), trans-[Cr(N3)2(Me2tn)2]ClO4·2H2O (Moon & Choi, 2015 ▸), trans-[Cr(NCS)2(Me2tn)2]SCN·0.5H2O (Choi & Lee, 2009 ▸) and trans-[Cr(2,2,3-tet)F2]ClO4 (2,2,3-tet = 1,4,7,11-tetra­aza­undecane; Choi & Moon, 2014 ▸). The Cr1A—O1A bond length of 1.956 (4) Å for the oxalate ligand is close to the mean of 1.959 (4) Å found in [Cr(ox)(cyclam)]ClO4 (Choi et al., 2004b ▸). The Cr1B—Cl1B bond length of 2.3358 (14) Å is comparable to those found in cis-[CrCl2(cyclam)]ClO4 [2.331 (2) Å] (House & McKee, 1984 ▸), cis-[CrCl2(2,2,3-tet)]ClO4 [2.3157 (7) Å] (Choi et al., 2008 ▸), trans-[CrCl2(Me2tn)2]2ZnCl4 [2.3112 (6) Å] (Choi et al., 2011 ▸) and trans-[CrCl2(Me2tn)2]Cl [2.3253 (7) Å] (Choi et al., 2007 ▸), respectively. The five-membered and six-membered chelate rings of the cyclam ligands adopt gauche and stable chair conformations, respectively. The O1A—Cr1A—O1A i angle is 83.3 (3)°, while the Cl1B—Cr1B—ClB i angle is 89.11 (9)° [symmetry code: (i) –x + , −y + , z]. The folded angles of the cyclam in [CrCl2(cyclam)]+ and [Cr(ox)(cyclam)]+ cations are 93.7 (2) and 97.5 (2)°, respectively. The significant distortion of the octa­hedral coordination sphere and the larger folded angle in the [Cr(ox)(cyclam)] + cation seem to arise from the small bite angle of the oxalato ligand. The tetra­hedral ClO4 − anion remains outside the coordination sphere of two CrIII ions. It is distorted due to its involvement in hydrogen-bonding inter­actions. Cl—O bond lengths range from 1.426 (5) to 1.443 (5) Å and the O—Cl—O angles from 107.8 (4)–111.0 (3)°.

Supra­molecular features

In the asymmetric unit, two N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the perchlorate anion to the neighboring [Cr(ox)(cyclam)]+ cation while N—H⋯O and N—H⋯Cl contacts inter­connect two [Cr(ox)(cyclam)]+ and one cis-[CrCl2(cyclam)]+ cation (Table 1 ▸, Figs. 2 ▸ and 3 ▸). An extensive array of these contacts generate a three-dimensional network of mol­ecules stacked along the a-axis direction.
Table 1

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—HH⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1A—H1A⋯O1C i 0.992.203.090 (8)148
N1A—H1A⋯O2C i 0.992.423.266 (8)143
N2A—H2A⋯Cl1B ii 0.992.423.314 (5)150
N1B—H1B⋯O2A 0.991.872.762 (7)149
N2B—H2B⋯O4C iii 0.992.393.160 (7)135

Symmetry codes: (i) ; (ii) ; (iii) .

Figure 2

A perspective view of the two chromium(III) complex cations and two perchlorate anions in compound (I), drawn at the 30% probability level. The primed atoms are related by symmetry code (−x + , −y + , −z).

Figure 3

The crystal packing in compound (I), viewed perpendicular to the bc plane. Dashed lines represent N—H⋯O (pink) and N—H⋯Cl (cyan) hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, respectively.

Database survey

A search of the Cambridge Structural Database (Version 5.37, Feb 2016 with two updates; Groom et al., 2016 ▸) gave 16 hits for a cis-[CrL 2(C10H24N4)]+ unit. The crystal structure of cis-[CrCl2(cyclam)]ClO4 (House & McKee, 1984 ▸), cis-[Cr(N3)2(cyclam)]ClO4 (Meyer et al., 1998 ▸), cis-[Cr(NH3)2(cyclam)](ClO4)Cl2 (Derwahl et al., 1999 ▸), cis-[Cr(ONO)2)(cyclam)]NO2 (Choi et al., 2004a ▸), [Cr(ox)(cyclam)]ClO4 (ox = oxalate; Choi et al., 2004b ▸), [Cr(acac)(cyclam)](ClO4)2·0.5H2O (acac = acetyl­acetonate; Subhan et al., 2011 ▸) and cis-[Cr(NCS)2(cyclam)]NCS (Moon et al., 2013 ▸) have been reported previously. All of these complexes show the same folded cis-V conformation for cyclam with different hydrogen-bonding and crystal-packing networks. Until now, no structure of the double complex ion [CrCl2(cyclam)][Cr(ox)(cyclam)]2+ with any anion has been deposited.

Synthesis and crystallization

The free ligand cyclam was purchased from Fluka and used as provided. All chemicals were reagent grade materials and were used without further purification. The starting materials, cis-[CrCl2(cyclam)]ClO4 and [Cr(ox)(cyclam)]ClO4, were prepared according to literature methods (House & McKee, 1984 ▸). The double complex, cis-[CrCl2(cyclam)][Cr(ox)(cyclam)](ClO4)2, was prepared by mixing concentrated equimolar aqueous solutions of the two starting compounds. A saturated solution of NaClO4 was added to the resulting solution for crystallization, and allowed to stand at room temperature for two days to give needle-like orange crystals of (I) suitable for X-ray structural analysis.

Refinement

Crystal data, data collection and structure refinement details are summarized in Table 2 ▸. Non-hydrogen atoms were refined anisotropically. All H atoms were placed in geometrically idealized positions and constrained to ride on their parent atoms, with C—H = 0.98 Å and N—H = 0.99 Å, and with U iso(H) values of 1.2U eq of the parent atoms.
Table 2

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula[CrCl2(C10H24N4)][Cr(C2O4)(C10H24N4)](ClO4)2
M r 862.48
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, F d d2
Temperature (K)243
a, b, c (Å)18.599 (4), 26.986 (5), 14.042 (3)
V3)7048 (2)
Z 8
Radiation typeSynchrotron, λ = 0.670 Å
μ (mm−1)0.84
Crystal size (mm)0.08 × 0.01 × 0.01
 
Data collection
DiffractometerADSC Q210 CCD area detector
Absorption correctionEmpirical (using intensity measurements) (HKL3000sm SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997)
T min, T max 0.939, 0.996
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections14619, 4764, 4011
R int 0.118
(sin θ/λ)max−1)0.689
 
Refinement
R[F 2 > 2σ(F 2)], wR(F 2), S 0.057, 0.150, 1.04
No. of reflections4764
No. of parameters218
No. of restraints1
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3)1.54, −0.51
Absolute structureFlack x determined using 1586 quotients [(I +)−(I )]/[(I +)+(I )] (Parsons et al., 2013).
Absolute structure parameter0.10 (2)

Computer programs: PAL BL2D-SMDC (Shin et al., 2016 ▸), HKL3000sm (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997 ▸), SHELXT2014 (Sheldrick, 2015a ▸), SHELXL2014 (Sheldrick, 2015b ▸), DIAMOND (Putz & Brandenburg, 2014 ▸) and publCIF (Westrip, 2010 ▸).

Crystal structure: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016014134/wm5323sup1.cif Structure factors: contains datablock(s) I. DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016014134/wm5323Isup2.hkl CCDC reference: 1502530 Additional supporting information: crystallographic information; 3D view; checkCIF report
[CrCl2(C10H24N4)][Cr(C2O4)(C10H24N4)](ClO4)2Dx = 1.626 Mg m3
Mr = 862.48Synchrotron radiation, λ = 0.670 Å
Orthorhombic, Fdd2Cell parameters from 25281 reflections
a = 18.599 (4) Åθ = 0.4–33.3°
b = 26.986 (5) ŵ = 0.84 mm1
c = 14.042 (3) ÅT = 243 K
V = 7048 (2) Å3Needle, orange
Z = 80.08 × 0.01 × 0.01 mm
F(000) = 3584
ADSC Q210 CCD area detector diffractometer4011 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: PLSII 2D bending magnetRint = 0.118
ω scanθmax = 27.5°, θmin = 1.9°
Absorption correction: empirical (using intensity measurements) (HKL3000sm Scalepack; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997)h = −25→25
Tmin = 0.939, Tmax = 0.996k = −37→37
14619 measured reflectionsl = −19→19
4764 independent reflections
Refinement on F2Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
Least-squares matrix: fullH-atom parameters constrained
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.057w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0928P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
wR(F2) = 0.150(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
S = 1.04Δρmax = 1.54 e Å3
4764 reflectionsΔρmin = −0.51 e Å3
218 parametersAbsolute structure: Flack x determined using 1586 quotients [(I+)-(I-)]/[(I+)+(I-)] (Parsons et al., 2013).
1 restraintAbsolute structure parameter: 0.10 (2)
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cr1A0.25000.75000.83915 (6)0.0342 (3)
O1A0.2305 (3)0.70375 (18)0.7351 (3)0.0554 (10)
O2A0.2332 (4)0.6997 (3)0.5761 (4)0.092 (2)
N1A0.3572 (3)0.72957 (18)0.8508 (3)0.0457 (10)
H1A0.38130.74270.79320.055*
N2A0.2211 (3)0.69512 (15)0.9376 (3)0.0426 (10)
H2A0.23400.70731.00180.051*
C1A0.3891 (4)0.7568 (2)0.9331 (5)0.0557 (14)
H1A10.44150.75810.92710.067*
H1A20.37710.74000.99290.067*
C2A0.3745 (4)0.6746 (2)0.8539 (4)0.0624 (17)
H2A10.42630.67040.86360.075*
H2A20.36220.65970.79230.075*
C3A0.3344 (4)0.6470 (2)0.9325 (5)0.0603 (15)
H3A10.35200.61280.93380.072*
H3A20.34710.66220.99360.072*
C4A0.2546 (4)0.6455 (2)0.9255 (5)0.0603 (17)
H4A10.24100.63210.86310.072*
H4A20.23570.62310.97440.072*
C5A0.1417 (4)0.6917 (2)0.9327 (5)0.0587 (15)
H5A10.12340.67300.98740.070*
H5A20.12730.67440.87440.070*
C6A0.2399 (3)0.7232 (3)0.6505 (4)0.0637 (18)
Cr1B0.25000.75000.28338 (5)0.0319 (3)
Cl1B0.26881 (11)0.69068 (6)0.16485 (9)0.0602 (4)
N1B0.2679 (3)0.69487 (15)0.3851 (3)0.0430 (10)
H1B0.25630.70940.44800.052*
N2B0.1403 (3)0.73775 (18)0.2995 (3)0.0446 (9)
H2B0.11730.75240.24250.054*
C1B0.3458 (4)0.6843 (2)0.3845 (5)0.0554 (14)
H1B10.35820.66430.32870.066*
H1B20.35910.66570.44180.066*
C2B0.2277 (4)0.64797 (19)0.3775 (4)0.0558 (15)
H2B10.24290.62560.42870.067*
H2B20.23920.63210.31660.067*
C3B0.1470 (4)0.6558 (2)0.3838 (5)0.0629 (17)
H3B10.12350.62330.38550.076*
H3B20.13620.67260.44390.076*
C4B0.1151 (4)0.6856 (3)0.3030 (4)0.0633 (17)
H4B10.12710.66940.24260.076*
H4B20.06260.68540.30930.076*
C5B0.1140 (4)0.7675 (2)0.3819 (5)0.0567 (13)
H5B10.12180.74930.44130.068*
H5B20.06230.77380.37520.068*
Cl1C0.52532 (8)0.74678 (4)1.13543 (9)0.0464 (3)
O1C0.5216 (4)0.7246 (2)1.2288 (3)0.0738 (15)
O2C0.5875 (3)0.7782 (2)1.1306 (5)0.0812 (15)
O3C0.5278 (3)0.70980 (16)1.0630 (3)0.0666 (13)
O4C0.4626 (3)0.7775 (2)1.1228 (4)0.0696 (13)
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cr1A0.0410 (6)0.0458 (5)0.0159 (4)−0.0046 (4)0.0000.000
O1A0.064 (3)0.072 (3)0.0296 (17)−0.009 (2)−0.0016 (18)−0.0161 (18)
O2A0.091 (4)0.153 (5)0.031 (2)−0.018 (4)0.004 (2)−0.032 (3)
N1A0.043 (2)0.067 (3)0.0267 (16)0.000 (2)0.0034 (16)−0.0047 (17)
N2A0.057 (3)0.0408 (18)0.0300 (18)−0.0026 (18)0.0062 (18)0.0020 (14)
C1A0.052 (4)0.076 (4)0.039 (3)−0.002 (3)−0.007 (2)−0.004 (2)
C2A0.071 (5)0.075 (4)0.042 (3)0.023 (3)0.004 (3)−0.007 (3)
C3A0.077 (4)0.050 (2)0.054 (3)0.014 (3)−0.001 (3)−0.004 (2)
C4A0.087 (5)0.039 (2)0.055 (3)0.005 (2)0.005 (3)0.001 (2)
C5A0.065 (4)0.064 (3)0.047 (3)−0.020 (3)0.010 (3)0.004 (2)
C6A0.047 (3)0.119 (6)0.025 (2)−0.006 (3)0.0010 (19)−0.004 (3)
Cr1B0.0459 (6)0.0333 (4)0.0164 (4)0.0007 (4)0.0000.000
Cl1B0.0926 (11)0.0583 (7)0.0297 (6)0.0046 (7)0.0025 (6)−0.0161 (5)
N1B0.069 (3)0.0350 (17)0.0251 (17)0.0053 (19)0.0005 (19)0.0000 (14)
N2B0.047 (2)0.062 (2)0.0255 (18)0.000 (2)−0.0011 (15)0.0011 (17)
C1B0.064 (4)0.053 (3)0.049 (3)0.014 (3)−0.003 (3)0.003 (2)
C2B0.098 (5)0.0337 (19)0.036 (2)−0.006 (3)−0.002 (3)0.0030 (17)
C3B0.090 (5)0.055 (3)0.044 (3)−0.020 (3)−0.002 (3)0.004 (2)
C4B0.077 (5)0.072 (3)0.041 (3)−0.026 (3)−0.009 (3)0.000 (3)
C5B0.052 (3)0.076 (3)0.041 (3)0.001 (3)0.011 (3)−0.006 (3)
Cl1C0.0524 (8)0.0494 (6)0.0372 (6)0.0003 (5)−0.0027 (5)−0.0003 (5)
O1C0.109 (5)0.073 (3)0.040 (2)0.002 (3)−0.001 (3)0.004 (2)
O2C0.081 (4)0.084 (3)0.079 (3)−0.023 (3)0.003 (3)−0.003 (3)
O3C0.100 (4)0.053 (2)0.046 (2)0.005 (2)0.009 (2)−0.0049 (18)
O4C0.070 (3)0.077 (3)0.062 (3)0.020 (3)−0.011 (2)−0.012 (2)
Cr1A—O1Ai1.956 (4)Cr1B—N2B2.080 (5)
Cr1A—O1A1.956 (4)Cr1B—N1Bi2.089 (4)
Cr1A—N1Ai2.075 (5)Cr1B—N1B2.089 (4)
Cr1A—N1A2.075 (5)Cr1B—Cl1B2.3358 (14)
Cr1A—N2A2.096 (4)Cr1B—Cl1Bi2.3358 (14)
Cr1A—N2Ai2.096 (4)N1B—C2B1.474 (7)
O1A—C6A1.310 (8)N1B—C1B1.478 (9)
O2A—C6A1.228 (8)N1B—H1B0.9900
N1A—C1A1.493 (8)N2B—C4B1.484 (8)
N1A—C2A1.519 (8)N2B—C5B1.490 (7)
N1A—H1A0.9900N2B—H2B0.9900
N2A—C5A1.482 (9)C1B—C5Bi1.500 (9)
N2A—C4A1.485 (7)C1B—H1B10.9800
N2A—H2A0.9900C1B—H1B20.9800
C1A—C5Ai1.502 (10)C2B—C3B1.518 (11)
C1A—H1A10.9800C2B—H2B10.9800
C1A—H1A20.9800C2B—H2B20.9800
C2A—C3A1.526 (10)C3B—C4B1.512 (9)
C2A—H2A10.9800C3B—H3B10.9800
C2A—H2A20.9800C3B—H3B20.9800
C3A—C4A1.488 (11)C4B—H4B10.9800
C3A—H3A10.9800C4B—H4B20.9800
C3A—H3A20.9800C5B—C1Bi1.500 (9)
C4A—H4A10.9800C5B—H5B10.9800
C4A—H4A20.9800C5B—H5B20.9800
C5A—C1Ai1.503 (10)Cl1C—O3C1.426 (5)
C5A—H5A10.9800Cl1C—O2C1.435 (6)
C5A—H5A20.9800Cl1C—O4C1.442 (5)
C6A—C6Ai1.496 (18)Cl1C—O1C1.443 (5)
Cr1B—N2Bi2.080 (5)
O1Ai—Cr1A—O1A83.3 (3)N2Bi—Cr1B—N1Bi88.2 (2)
O1Ai—Cr1A—N1Ai93.85 (19)N2B—Cr1B—N1Bi83.26 (19)
O1A—Cr1A—N1Ai92.9 (2)N2Bi—Cr1B—N1B83.26 (19)
O1Ai—Cr1A—N1A92.9 (2)N2B—Cr1B—N1B88.2 (2)
O1A—Cr1A—N1A93.85 (19)N1Bi—Cr1B—N1B93.7 (2)
N1Ai—Cr1A—N1A171.0 (2)N2Bi—Cr1B—Cl1B92.27 (13)
O1Ai—Cr1A—N2A172.4 (2)N2B—Cr1B—Cl1B96.65 (14)
O1A—Cr1A—N2A89.67 (18)N1Bi—Cr1B—Cl1B177.69 (13)
N1Ai—Cr1A—N2A83.68 (19)N1B—Cr1B—Cl1B88.58 (12)
N1A—Cr1A—N2A90.38 (19)N2Bi—Cr1B—Cl1Bi96.65 (14)
O1Ai—Cr1A—N2Ai89.67 (18)N2B—Cr1B—Cl1Bi92.27 (13)
O1A—Cr1A—N2Ai172.4 (2)N1Bi—Cr1B—Cl1Bi88.58 (12)
N1Ai—Cr1A—N2Ai90.37 (19)N1B—Cr1B—Cl1Bi177.69 (13)
N1A—Cr1A—N2Ai83.68 (19)Cl1B—Cr1B—Cl1Bi89.11 (9)
N2A—Cr1A—N2Ai97.5 (2)C2B—N1B—C1B109.4 (5)
C6A—O1A—Cr1A113.4 (5)C2B—N1B—Cr1B118.8 (4)
C1A—N1A—C2A112.0 (5)C1B—N1B—Cr1B106.8 (3)
C1A—N1A—Cr1A108.2 (4)C2B—N1B—H1B107.1
C2A—N1A—Cr1A117.7 (4)C1B—N1B—H1B107.1
C1A—N1A—H1A106.1Cr1B—N1B—H1B107.1
C2A—N1A—H1A106.1C4B—N2B—C5B112.5 (5)
Cr1A—N1A—H1A106.1C4B—N2B—Cr1B117.6 (4)
C5A—N2A—C4A110.9 (5)C5B—N2B—Cr1B108.7 (4)
C5A—N2A—Cr1A105.6 (4)C4B—N2B—H2B105.7
C4A—N2A—Cr1A117.0 (4)C5B—N2B—H2B105.7
C5A—N2A—H2A107.7Cr1B—N2B—H2B105.7
C4A—N2A—H2A107.7N1B—C1B—C5Bi108.8 (5)
Cr1A—N2A—H2A107.7N1B—C1B—H1B1109.9
N1A—C1A—C5Ai107.5 (5)C5Bi—C1B—H1B1109.9
N1A—C1A—H1A1110.2N1B—C1B—H1B2109.9
C5Ai—C1A—H1A1110.2C5Bi—C1B—H1B2109.9
N1A—C1A—H1A2110.2H1B1—C1B—H1B2108.3
C5Ai—C1A—H1A2110.2N1B—C2B—C3B112.2 (5)
H1A1—C1A—H1A2108.5N1B—C2B—H2B1109.2
N1A—C2A—C3A113.2 (5)C3B—C2B—H2B1109.2
N1A—C2A—H2A1108.9N1B—C2B—H2B2109.2
C3A—C2A—H2A1108.9C3B—C2B—H2B2109.2
N1A—C2A—H2A2108.9H2B1—C2B—H2B2107.9
C3A—C2A—H2A2108.9C4B—C3B—C2B114.8 (6)
H2A1—C2A—H2A2107.7C4B—C3B—H3B1108.6
C4A—C3A—C2A116.9 (6)C2B—C3B—H3B1108.6
C4A—C3A—H3A1108.1C4B—C3B—H3B2108.6
C2A—C3A—H3A1108.1C2B—C3B—H3B2108.6
C4A—C3A—H3A2108.1H3B1—C3B—H3B2107.6
C2A—C3A—H3A2108.1N2B—C4B—C3B113.9 (5)
H3A1—C3A—H3A2107.3N2B—C4B—H4B1108.8
N2A—C4A—C3A112.7 (5)C3B—C4B—H4B1108.8
N2A—C4A—H4A1109.0N2B—C4B—H4B2108.8
C3A—C4A—H4A1109.0C3B—C4B—H4B2108.8
N2A—C4A—H4A2109.0H4B1—C4B—H4B2107.7
C3A—C4A—H4A2109.0N2B—C5B—C1Bi108.8 (5)
H4A1—C4A—H4A2107.8N2B—C5B—H5B1109.9
N2A—C5A—C1Ai108.8 (5)C1Bi—C5B—H5B1109.9
N2A—C5A—H5A1109.9N2B—C5B—H5B2109.9
C1Ai—C5A—H5A1109.9C1Bi—C5B—H5B2109.9
N2A—C5A—H5A2109.9H5B1—C5B—H5B2108.3
C1Ai—C5A—H5A2109.9O3C—Cl1C—O2C110.7 (4)
H5A1—C5A—H5A2108.3O3C—Cl1C—O4C110.0 (3)
O2A—C6A—O1A123.4 (8)O2C—Cl1C—O4C107.8 (4)
O2A—C6A—C6Ai121.7 (5)O3C—Cl1C—O1C111.0 (3)
O1A—C6A—C6Ai114.9 (4)O2C—Cl1C—O1C109.1 (4)
N2Bi—Cr1B—N2B167.5 (2)O4C—Cl1C—O1C108.1 (3)
C2A—N1A—C1A—C5Ai−170.2 (5)Cr1A—O1A—C6A—C6Ai−2.7 (9)
Cr1A—N1A—C1A—C5Ai−38.9 (6)C2B—N1B—C1B—C5Bi174.1 (5)
C1A—N1A—C2A—C3A71.3 (7)Cr1B—N1B—C1B—C5Bi44.3 (5)
Cr1A—N1A—C2A—C3A−55.0 (6)C1B—N1B—C2B—C3B176.5 (5)
N1A—C2A—C3A—C4A63.5 (7)Cr1B—N1B—C2B—C3B−60.6 (6)
C5A—N2A—C4A—C3A−178.5 (5)N1B—C2B—C3B—C4B64.6 (6)
Cr1A—N2A—C4A—C3A60.4 (7)C5B—N2B—C4B—C3B−67.7 (8)
C2A—C3A—C4A—N2A−66.6 (7)Cr1B—N2B—C4B—C3B59.8 (7)
C4A—N2A—C5A—C1Ai−173.1 (5)C2B—C3B—C4B—N2B−64.9 (8)
Cr1A—N2A—C5A—C1Ai−45.5 (5)C4B—N2B—C5B—C1Bi167.8 (6)
Cr1A—O1A—C6A—O2A177.1 (6)Cr1B—N2B—C5B—C1Bi35.7 (6)
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1A—H1A···O1Cii0.992.203.090 (8)148
N1A—H1A···O2Cii0.992.423.266 (8)143
N2A—H2A···Cl1Biii0.992.423.314 (5)150
N1B—H1B···O2A0.991.872.762 (7)149
N2B—H2B···O4Civ0.992.393.160 (7)135
  12 in total

1.  BL2D-SMC, the supramolecular crystallography beamline at the Pohang Light Source II, Korea.

Authors:  Jong Won Shin; Kisu Eom; Dohyun Moon
Journal:  J Synchrotron Radiat       Date:  2016-01-01       Impact factor: 2.616

Review 2.  Highlights in the discovery of antiviral drugs: a personal retrospective.

Authors:  Erik De Clercq
Journal:  J Med Chem       Date:  2010-02-25       Impact factor: 7.446

3.  Zinc(II) complexes of constrained antiviral macrocycles.

Authors:  Allison Ross; Jong-Ha Choi; Tina M Hunter; Christophe Pannecouque; Stephen A Moggach; Simon Parsons; Erik De Clercq; Peter J Sadler
Journal:  Dalton Trans       Date:  2012-04-02       Impact factor: 4.390

4.  Structural and spectroscopic properties of trans-dichlorobis(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane)chromium(III) chloride.

Authors:  Jong-Ha Choi; William Clegg; Gary S Nichol; Sang Hak Lee; Yu Chul Park; Mohammad Hossein Habibi
Journal:  Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc       Date:  2007-01-09       Impact factor: 4.098

5.  Synthesis, conformational structure and spectroscopic properties of trans-diazidobis(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine)chromium(III) perchlorate.

Authors:  Dohyun Moon; Jong-Ha Choi
Journal:  Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc       Date:  2014-12-10       Impact factor: 4.098

6.  Electronic and vibrational spectroscopy of cis-beta-[CrCl(2)(1,4,7,11-tetrazaundecane)chromium(III) perchlorate.

Authors:  Jong-Ha Choi; Sik Young Choi; Yong Pyo Hong; Seong-Oon Ko; Keon Sang Ryoo; Sang Hak Lee; Yu Chul Park
Journal:  Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc       Date:  2007-08-21       Impact factor: 4.098

7.  SHELXT - integrated space-group and crystal-structure determination.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr A Found Adv       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 2.290

8.  Crystal structure refinement with SHELXL.

Authors:  George M Sheldrick
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem       Date:  2015-01-01       Impact factor: 1.172

9.  cis-(1,4,8,11-Tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κN (4))bis(-thio-cyanato-κN)chromium(III) thio-cyanate.

Authors:  Dohyun Moon; Jong-Ha Choi; Keon Sang Ryoo; Yong Pyo Hong
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online       Date:  2013-06-12

10.  The Cambridge Structural Database.

Authors:  Colin R Groom; Ian J Bruno; Matthew P Lightfoot; Suzanna C Ward
Journal:  Acta Crystallogr B Struct Sci Cryst Eng Mater       Date:  2016-04-01
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