K H Awan1, Q A Hussain2, Shankargouda Patil3, Mahesh Maralingannavar3. 1. Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +096614677422, e-mail: kamranhabibawan@gmail.com. 2. Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry Jazan University, Jazan, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Tobacco and tobacco-related products have been attributed to be causative factors for oral cancer. Newer, chewable, and commercially available smokeless tobacco (ST) products, such as gutka pose further threat in this direction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of oral cancer associated with gutka and other ST products. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study of 134 cases and 134 controls, over a period of 6 months (July-December 2014), was carried out at the Baqai University, Karachi, Pakistan. An interview-based questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and type, duration, and frequency of use of tobacco-related products. Data were analyzed using the Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test with the level of significance set as p < 0.05. RESULTS: Gutka showed the highest odds ratio toward developing oral cancer ratio among all the tobacco-related products [odds ratio (OR) 5.54; 95% CI 2.83-10.83; p < 0.001)]. Participants who consumed other ST products also showed 2 to 4 times higher odds ratio of developing oral cancer than compared to those who did not consume these products. CONCLUSION: The study provided strong evidence that gutka and other ST products are independent risk factors for oral cancer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the strong association of different types of ST and oral cancer. This results in identification of high-risk groups for targeted screening for potential oral cancer lesions.
INTRODUCTION:Tobacco and tobacco-related products have been attributed to be causative factors for oral cancer. Newer, chewable, and commercially available smokeless tobacco (ST) products, such as gutka pose further threat in this direction. The aim of the study was to evaluate the risk of oral cancer associated with gutka and other ST products. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A case-control study of 134 cases and 134 controls, over a period of 6 months (July-December 2014), was carried out at the Baqai University, Karachi, Pakistan. An interview-based questionnaire was used to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics, oral hygiene practices and type, duration, and frequency of use of tobacco-related products. Data were analyzed using the Pearson's chi-square (χ2) test with the level of significance set as p < 0.05. RESULTS: Gutka showed the highest odds ratio toward developing oral cancer ratio among all the tobacco-related products [odds ratio (OR) 5.54; 95% CI 2.83-10.83; p < 0.001)]. Participants who consumed other ST products also showed 2 to 4 times higher odds ratio of developing oral cancer than compared to those who did not consume these products. CONCLUSION: The study provided strong evidence that gutka and other ST products are independent risk factors for oral cancer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This study highlights the strong association of different types of ST and oral cancer. This results in identification of high-risk groups for targeted screening for potential oral cancer lesions.
Entities:
Keywords:
Betel quid; Case-control; Gutka; Oral cancer Smokeless tobacco.
Authors: Rashmi Bhavsar; Vandana Shah; Namratha A Ajith; Kinjal Shah; Ahmed Al-Amoudi; Hammam Ahmed Bahammam; Sarah Ahmed Bahammam; Bassam Zidane; Nassreen Hassan Mohammad Albar; Shilpa Bhandi; A Thirumal Raj; Shankargouda Patil Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-05-10 Impact factor: 4.614
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