BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous malignant disease associated with environmental and genetic predisposing factors. While gastric cancer incidence and mortality fell greatly globally over the past decades, it remains the fourth cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Thus, prevention of gastric cancer is still a major strategy for improvement of gastric cancer prognosis. SUMMARY: Helicobacter pylori infection has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Unhealthy diet and lifestyle, including high-salt food, smoking and drinking, are able to induce genotypic and phenotypic transformation of gastric epithelial cells. Gene mutations (such as E-cadherin) in stomach epithelial cells are major genetic causes for gastric cancer. The eradication of H. pylori has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for primary prevention of gastric cancer. Increased intake of a diet rich in vegetables and fresh fruits as well as smoking cessation have been shown to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. The secondary prevention strategy is to screen premalignant gastric lesions by endoscopy. Biomarker tests are also reliable methods to identify gastric precancerous lesions. Endoscopy screening is still the gold standard for diagnosis of gastric cancer. KEY MESSAGE: H. pylori infection, a diet rich in salted and/or smoked food and red meat, as well as gene mutations are major risk factors for the development of gastric cancer. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The eradication of H. pylori is a major primary preventive strategy of gastric cancer. A healthy lifestyle, including increased intake of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, reduced intake of salted and smoked food and red meat, a reduction of alcohol intake as well as smoking cessation will be effective approaches for the prevention of gastric cancer.
BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer is a heterogeneous malignant disease associated with environmental and genetic predisposing factors. While gastric cancer incidence and mortality fell greatly globally over the past decades, it remains the fourth cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Thus, prevention of gastric cancer is still a major strategy for improvement of gastric cancer prognosis. SUMMARY: Helicobacter pylori infection has been demonstrated to be a major risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Unhealthy diet and lifestyle, including high-salt food, smoking and drinking, are able to induce genotypic and phenotypic transformation of gastric epithelial cells. Gene mutations (such as E-cadherin) in stomach epithelial cells are major genetic causes for gastric cancer. The eradication of H. pylori has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for primary prevention of gastric cancer. Increased intake of a diet rich in vegetables and fresh fruits as well as smoking cessation have been shown to reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. The secondary prevention strategy is to screen premalignant gastric lesions by endoscopy. Biomarker tests are also reliable methods to identify gastric precancerous lesions. Endoscopy screening is still the gold standard for diagnosis of gastric cancer. KEY MESSAGE: H. pylori infection, a diet rich in salted and/or smoked food and red meat, as well as gene mutations are major risk factors for the development of gastric cancer. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The eradication of H. pylori is a major primary preventive strategy of gastric cancer. A healthy lifestyle, including increased intake of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables, reduced intake of salted and smoked food and red meat, a reduction of alcohol intake as well as smoking cessation will be effective approaches for the prevention of gastric cancer.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cancer prevention; Gastric cancer; Helicobacter pylori; Premalignant condition
Authors: H Watabe; T Mitsushima; Y Yamaji; M Okamoto; R Wada; T Kokubo; H Doi; H Yoshida; T Kawabe; M Omata Journal: Gut Date: 2005-06 Impact factor: 23.059
Authors: Paula Jakszyn; Sheila Bingham; Guillem Pera; Antonio Agudo; Robert Luben; Ailsa Welch; Heiner Boeing; Giuseppe Del Giudice; Domenico Palli; Calogero Saieva; Vittorio Krogh; Carlotta Sacerdote; Rosario Tumino; Salvatore Panico; Göran Berglund; Henrik Simán; Göran Hallmans; María José Sanchez; Nerea Larrañaga; Aurelio Barricarte; María Dolores Chirlaque; José R Quirós; Timothy J Key; Naomi Allen; Eiliv Lund; Fátima Carneiro; Jakob Linseisen; Gabriele Nagel; Kim Overvad; Anne Tjonneland; Anja Olsen; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita; Marga O Ocké; Petra Hm Peeters; Mattijs E Numans; Françoise Clavel-Chapelon; Antonia Trichopoulou; Claus Fenger; Roger Stenling; Pietro Ferrari; Mazda Jenab; Teresa Norat; Elio Riboli; Carlos A Gonzalez Journal: Carcinogenesis Date: 2006-03-29 Impact factor: 4.944
Authors: Gundula Behrens; Thomas Gredner; Christian Stock; Michael F Leitzmann; Hermann Brenner; Ute Mons Journal: Dtsch Arztebl Int Date: 2018-09-03 Impact factor: 5.594
Authors: Maomao Cao; He Li; Dianqin Sun; Lin Lei; Jiansong Ren; Jufang Shi; Ni Li; Ji Peng; Wanqing Chen Journal: Chin J Cancer Res Date: 2020-10-31 Impact factor: 5.087