Takehiro Miki1, Toshinori Iwai2, Kazunori Kotani3, Jianwu Dang4, Hideyuki Sawada5, Minoru Miyake6. 1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Dean: K. Imaida), Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cyo, Takamatsu City, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan. Electronic address: wattakd1@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp. 2. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan. Electronic address: iwai104oams@yahoo.co.jp. 3. Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Information Science, 1-8 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan. Electronic address: ikko@jaist.ac.jp. 4. Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, School of Information Science, 1-8 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1211, Japan. Electronic address: jdang@jaist.ac.jp. 5. Department of Intelligent Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering/Graduate School of Engineering, Kagawa University, Hayashi-cho 2217-20, Takamatsu City, Kagawa 761-0396, Japan. Electronic address: sawada@eng.kagawa-u.ac.jp. 6. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Dean: K. Imaida), Faculty of Medicine/Graduate School of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1, Ikenobe, Miki-cyo, Takamatsu City, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan. Electronic address: dentmm@med.kagawa-u.ac.jp.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Endoscope-assisted surgery has widely been adopted as a basic surgical procedure, with various training systems using virtual reality developed for this procedure. In the present study, a basic training system comprising virtual reality for the removal of submandibular glands under endoscope assistance was developed. The efficacy of the training system was verified in novice oral surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A virtual reality training system was developed using existing haptic devices. Virtual reality models were constructed from computed tomography data to ensure anatomical accuracy. Novice oral surgeons were trained using the developed virtual reality training system. RESULTS: The developed virtual reality training system included models of the submandibular gland and surrounding connective tissues and blood vessels entering the submandibular gland. Cutting or abrasion of the connective tissue and manipulations, such as elevation of blood vessels, were reproduced by the virtual reality system. A training program using the developed system was devised. Novice oral surgeons were trained in accordance with the devised training program. CONCLUSIONS: Our virtual reality training system for endoscope-assisted removal of the submandibular gland is effective in the training of novice oral surgeons in endoscope-assisted surgery.
PURPOSE: Endoscope-assisted surgery has widely been adopted as a basic surgical procedure, with various training systems using virtual reality developed for this procedure. In the present study, a basic training system comprising virtual reality for the removal of submandibular glands under endoscope assistance was developed. The efficacy of the training system was verified in novice oral surgeons. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A virtual reality training system was developed using existing haptic devices. Virtual reality models were constructed from computed tomography data to ensure anatomical accuracy. Novice oral surgeons were trained using the developed virtual reality training system. RESULTS: The developed virtual reality training system included models of the submandibular gland and surrounding connective tissues and blood vessels entering the submandibular gland. Cutting or abrasion of the connective tissue and manipulations, such as elevation of blood vessels, were reproduced by the virtual reality system. A training program using the developed system was devised. Novice oral surgeons were trained in accordance with the devised training program. CONCLUSIONS: Our virtual reality training system for endoscope-assisted removal of the submandibular gland is effective in the training of novice oral surgeons in endoscope-assisted surgery.