Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and Operative Bleeding Risk: A Review of the Literature.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to review the data on the effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) on bleeding during or after operative procedures and to offer guidelines for clinical management. DATA SOURCES: Search of PubMed and MEDLINE for all articles in English from 1990-2016 with key words depression, antidepressants, bleeding, platelets, and operation. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they reported information on bleeding complications during operative or childbirth procedures in patients taking antidepressants. DATA EXTRACTION: Because of the limited number and heterogeneity of studies with respect to the range of operative procedures and definition of bleeding complications, a qualitative approach was taken to summarize results rather than abstracting and aggregating data.
RESULTS: The weight of the evidence is that SSRI use increases the risk of bleeding complications during and immediately after surgery. However, given the limited data, we cannot estimate the risk for a given patient having a given procedure.
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians must consider the risk-to-benefit ratio of discontinuing an SSRI before an elective operative procedure. Discontinuing SSRI medications may result in discontinuation syndrome, symptom recrudescence, or relapse of depression, whereas continuing an SSRI during surgery exposes patients to significant bleeding risks. Antidepressant prescribers must be cognizant of and take responsibility for discussing this potential problem and considering different options. This issue must also be the responsibility of the doctor performing the procedure, but, frequently, it will be the prescribing physician who alerts the surgeon to the potential bleeding risk associated with SSRIs.