Extending the Power-Law Hemolysis Model to Complex Flows.

Hemolysis (damage to red blood cells) is a long-standing problem in blood contacting devices, and its prediction has been the goal of considerable research. The most popular model relating hemolysis to fluid stresses is the power-law model, which was developed from experiments in pure shear only. In the absence of better data, this model has been extended to more complex flows by replacing the shear stress in the power-law equation with a von Mises-like scalar stress. While the validity of the scalar stress also remains to be confirmed, inconsistencies exist in its application, in particular, two forms that vary by a factor of 2 have been used. This article will clarify the proper extension of the power law to complex flows in a way that maintains correct results in the limit of pure shear.