Jan Kremers1,2,3, Deepak Bhatt4,5. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. jan.kremers@augen.imed.uni-erlangen.de. 2. Department of Anatomy II, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany. jan.kremers@augen.imed.uni-erlangen.de. 3. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, West Yorkshire, BD7 1DP, UK. jan.kremers@augen.imed.uni-erlangen.de. 4. UBM Institute, Mumbai, India. 5. Department of Ophthalmology, JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine whether electroretinograms (ERGs) to heterochromatic stimulation can detect and quantify hereditary colour vision deficiency. METHODS: ERGs were measured to counterphase modulation of red and green stimuli. The total modulation depth of the red and green stimuli was constant. The ratio of red to green modulation was varied, and the responses were measured at two temporal frequencies: 12 and 36 Hz. Subjects were 13 protanopes, 19 protanomalous trichromats, 38 deuteranopes, 16 deuteranomalous trichromats and 22 normal trichromats. RESULTS: The responses are in agreement with previous findings: they were determined by a vector additive input of L- and M-cones (and thus is luminance sensitive) at 36 Hz. At 12 Hz, the responses can be modelled a vector addition of an L-/M-additive response (as determined by the 36 Hz ERGs) and an L-/M-opponent response. From the models, L-cone input fraction (36 Hz) and luminance input fraction (12 Hz) were estimated. The five groups showed different characteristics. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at 12 Hz was not always satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The ERGs to heterochromatic stimuli are potentially interesting for determining the presence and the type of colour vision deficiencies, provided some measures are taken to improve the 12 Hz SNRs.
PURPOSE: To determine whether electroretinograms (ERGs) to heterochromatic stimulation can detect and quantify hereditary colour vision deficiency. METHODS: ERGs were measured to counterphase modulation of red and green stimuli. The total modulation depth of the red and green stimuli was constant. The ratio of red to green modulation was varied, and the responses were measured at two temporal frequencies: 12 and 36 Hz. Subjects were 13 protanopes, 19 protanomalous trichromats, 38 deuteranopes, 16 deuteranomalous trichromats and 22 normal trichromats. RESULTS: The responses are in agreement with previous findings: they were determined by a vector additive input of L- and M-cones (and thus is luminance sensitive) at 36 Hz. At 12 Hz, the responses can be modelled a vector addition of an L-/M-additive response (as determined by the 36 Hz ERGs) and an L-/M-opponent response. From the models, L-cone input fraction (36 Hz) and luminance input fraction (12 Hz) were estimated. The five groups showed different characteristics. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at 12 Hz was not always satisfactory. CONCLUSIONS: The ERGs to heterochromatic stimuli are potentially interesting for determining the presence and the type of colour vision deficiencies, provided some measures are taken to improve the 12 Hz SNRs.
Authors: J Kremers; H P Scholl; H Knau; T T Berendschot; T Usui; L T Sharpe Journal: J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis Date: 2000-03 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Tina I Tsai; Mellina M Jacob; Declan McKeefry; Ian J Murray; Neil R A Parry; Jan Kremers Journal: J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis Date: 2016-03 Impact factor: 2.129
Authors: Jan Kremers; Anderson Raiol Rodrigues; Luiz Carlos de Lima Silveira; Manoel da Silva Filho Journal: Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci Date: 2009-09-08 Impact factor: 4.799
Authors: Mellina M Jacob; Gobinda Pangeni; Bruno D Gomes; Givago S Souza; Manoel da Silva Filho; Luiz Carlos L Silveira; John Maguire; Neil R A Parry; Declan J McKeefry; Jan Kremers Journal: PLoS One Date: 2015-03-18 Impact factor: 3.240