OBJECTIVE: To determine the mean and normal range of anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the renal pelves in children. METHODS: Patients aged 0-19 years with normal spinal MRIs were identified after institutional review board approval. Those with dilating uropathy or abdominal surgery/radiation were excluded. The maximum APD was measured. A mixed linear model was fit to determine the relationship between APD and age, adjusted for bladder distention. The left and right kidneys were treated independently. RESULTS: 283 left and 285 right renal units were included. For the left, a 3.5% increase in APD per year was predicted (p < 0.0001), with the average APD for infants and 18-year olds with non-distended bladders being 2.5 mm (95th percentile: 7.2 mm) and 4.6 mm (13.4 mm), respectively. For the right, a 3.9% increase in APD per year was predicted (p < 0.0001), with the average APD for infants and 18-year olds with non-distended bladders being 2.8 mm (8.4 mm) and 5.5 mm (16.6 mm), respectively. Compared with a non-distended bladder, a distended bladder increased the predicted APD between 23% (right) and 38% (left) (p = 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The mean and normal ranges of APD measured by MRI in children are provided. APD increases with age and bladder distension and is greater on the left. Advances in knowledge: This article establishes normative ranges for APD, a critical component of genitourinary tract evaluation, and does so using the most precise imaging modality for this condition.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the mean and normal range of anteroposterior diameter (APD) of the renal pelves in children. METHODS:Patients aged 0-19 years with normal spinal MRIs were identified after institutional review board approval. Those with dilating uropathy or abdominal surgery/radiation were excluded. The maximum APD was measured. A mixed linear model was fit to determine the relationship between APD and age, adjusted for bladder distention. The left and right kidneys were treated independently. RESULTS: 283 left and 285 right renal units were included. For the left, a 3.5% increase in APD per year was predicted (p < 0.0001), with the average APD for infants and 18-year olds with non-distended bladders being 2.5 mm (95th percentile: 7.2 mm) and 4.6 mm (13.4 mm), respectively. For the right, a 3.9% increase in APD per year was predicted (p < 0.0001), with the average APD for infants and 18-year olds with non-distended bladders being 2.8 mm (8.4 mm) and 5.5 mm (16.6 mm), respectively. Compared with a non-distended bladder, a distended bladder increased the predicted APD between 23% (right) and 38% (left) (p = 0.01 and p < 0.0001, respectively). CONCLUSION: The mean and normal ranges of APD measured by MRI in children are provided. APD increases with age and bladder distension and is greater on the left. Advances in knowledge: This article establishes normative ranges for APD, a critical component of genitourinary tract evaluation, and does so using the most precise imaging modality for this condition.
Authors: S H van Vuuren; H A M Damen-Elias; R H Stigter; R van der Doef; R Goldschmeding; T P V M de Jong; P Westers; G H A Visser; L R Pistorius Journal: Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol Date: 2012-12 Impact factor: 7.299
Authors: Bernhard Glodny; Verena Unterholzner; Bernadette Taferner; Karin J Hofmann; Peter Rehder; Alexander Strasak; Johannes Petersen Journal: BMC Urol Date: 2009-12-23 Impact factor: 2.264
Authors: Adam D Maxwell; Brian MacConaghy; Jonathan D Harper; Ali H Aldoukhi; Timothy L Hall; William W Roberts Journal: J Endourol Date: 2019-01-29 Impact factor: 2.942
Authors: Marshall C Strother; Eric Y Cho; Matt Loecher; David Strauss; Akhil Chandra; Elizabeth Handorf; Jian Yu; David Y T Chen; Robert Uzzo; Laura Levin; Jordan Anaokar; Alexander Kutikov Journal: Eur Urol Focus Date: 2022-02-15
Authors: Jonathan S Ellison; Brian MacConaghy; Timothy L Hall; William W Roberts; Adam D Maxwell Journal: J Pediatr Urol Date: 2020-07-17 Impact factor: 1.830