Jocieli Malacarne1, Diana Patricia Giraldo Rios1, Cosme Marcelo Furtado Passos da Silva2, José Ueleres Braga2, Luiz Antonio Bastos Camacho2, Paulo Cesar Basta3. 1. Programa de Pós-Graduação Stricto Sensu em Epidemiologia em Saúde Pública, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 2. Departamento de Epidemiologia e Métodos Quantitativos em Saúde, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. 3. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown a high incidence and prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in indigenous populations around the World. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and annual risk of infection (ARI) as well as to identify factors associated with LTBI in an indigenous population from the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2011. We performed tuberculin skin tests (TSTs), smears and cultures of sputum samples, and chest radiographs for individuals who reported cough for two or more weeks. Associations between LTBI (TST ≥5mm) and socio-demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics were investigated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Prevalence ratio (PR) was used as the measure of association. RESULTS: We examined 263 individuals. The prevalence of LTBI was 40.3%, and the ARI was 2.4%. Age ≥15 years [PR=5.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.5-8.6], contact with tuberculosis (TB) patients (PR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.2-11.9), previous TB history (PR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7), and presence of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar (PR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.9) were associated with LTBI. CONCLUSIONS: Although some adults may have been infected years prior, the high prevalence of infection and its strong association with age ≥15 years, history of TB, and recent contact with TB patients suggest that the TB transmission risk is high in the study area.
INTRODUCTION: Recent studies have shown a high incidence and prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in indigenous populations around the World. We aimed to estimate the prevalence and annual risk of infection (ARI) as well as to identify factors associated with LTBI in an indigenous population from the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2011. We performed tuberculin skin tests (TSTs), smears and cultures of sputum samples, and chest radiographs for individuals who reported cough for two or more weeks. Associations between LTBI (TST ≥5mm) and socio-demographic, clinical, and epidemiological characteristics were investigated using Poisson regression with robust variance. Prevalence ratio (PR) was used as the measure of association. RESULTS: We examined 263 individuals. The prevalence of LTBI was 40.3%, and the ARI was 2.4%. Age ≥15 years [PR=5.5; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.5-8.6], contact with tuberculosis (TB) patients (PR=3.8; 95% CI: 1.2-11.9), previous TB history (PR=1.4; 95% CI: 1.2-1.7), and presence of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) scar (PR=1.9, 95% CI: 1.2-2.9) were associated with LTBI. CONCLUSIONS: Although some adults may have been infected years prior, the high prevalence of infection and its strong association with age ≥15 years, history of TB, and recent contact with TB patients suggest that the TB transmission risk is high in the study area.
Authors: Flávia Patussi Correia Sacchi; Mariana Bento Tatara; Camila Camioli de Lima; Liliane Ferreia da Silva; Eunice Atsuko Cunha; Vera Simonsen; Lucilaine Ferrazoli; Harrison Magdinier Gomes; Sidra Ezidio Gonçalves Vasconcellos; Philip Noel Suffys; Jason R Andrews; Julio Croda Journal: Am J Trop Med Hyg Date: 2017-11-30 Impact factor: 2.345
Authors: Ida Viktoria Kolte; Lucia Pereira; Aparecida Benites; Islândia Maria Carvalho de Sousa; Paulo Cesar Basta Journal: PLoS One Date: 2020-12-16 Impact factor: 3.240
Authors: S A Hadi; I V Kolte; E P Brenner; E A T Cunha; V Simonsen; L Ferrazoli; D A M Villela; R S Santos; J Ravi; S Sreevatsan; P C Basta Journal: Sci Rep Date: 2021-01-13 Impact factor: 4.379
Authors: Zaida Araujo; Jacobus H de Waard; Milena Camargo; Juan Ernesto Lopez-Ramos; Carlos Fernández de Larrea; Magnolia Vanegas; Manuel A Patarroyo Journal: Int J Pept Res Ther Date: 2022-05-03 Impact factor: 2.191
Authors: Jocieli Malacarne; Ida Viktoria Kolte; Lais Picinini Freitas; Jesem Douglas Yamall Orellana; Maximiliano Loiola Ponte de Souza; Reinaldo Souza-Santos; Paulo Cesar Basta Journal: Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo Date: 2018-10-25 Impact factor: 1.846