Francesca Morgante1, Alfonso Fasano2, Monia Ginevrino2, Simona Petrucci2, Lucia Ricciardi2, Francesco Bove2, Chiara Criscuolo2, Marcello Moccia2, Anna De Rosa2, Chiara Sorbera2, Anna Rita Bentivoglio2, Paolo Barone2, Giuseppe De Michele2, Maria Teresa Pellecchia2, Enza Maria Valente2. 1. From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy. fmorgante@gmail.com. 2. From the Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (F.M., C.S.), University of Messina, Italy; Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic and the Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease (A.F.), Toronto Western Hospital, UHN, Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (S.P.), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders (L.R.), Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Geriatrics, Neuroscience and Orthopedics (F.B., A.R.B.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome; Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (C.C., M.M., A.D.R., G.D.M.), Federico II University, Naples; Department of Medicine and Surgery (M.G., M.M., P.B., M.T.P., E.M.V.), Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, and Neurogenetics Unit (E.M.V.), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this multicenter, case-control study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) in a cohort of patients with parkin-associated Parkinson disease (PD) compared to a group of patients without the mutation. METHODS: We compared 22 patients with biallelic parkin mutations (parkin-PD) and 26 patients negative for parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, and GBA mutations (PD-NM), matched for age at onset, disease duration, levodopa, and dopamine agonist equivalent daily dose. A semistructured interview was used to diagnose each of the following ICBs: compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive buying, binge eating, punding, hobbyism, and compulsive medication use. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) was adopted to rate ICB severity. RESULTS: Frequency of patients with at least one ICB was comparable between parkin-PD and PD-NM. Nevertheless, when analyzing the distribution of specific ICBs, a higher frequency of compulsive shopping, binge eating, and punding/hobbyism was found in the parkin-PD group. Compared to PD-NM, parkin-PD patients with ICB had younger onset age and higher frequency of smokers; in 5 patients, ICB had predated PD onset. Total and partial (compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behavior, binge eating, hobbyism/punding) QUIP-RS scores were higher in patients with parkin-PD compared to patients with PD-NM. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of parkin mutations was associated with smoking status and higher QUIP-RS total score. CONCLUSIONS: Our data expand the parkin-associated phenotypic spectrum demonstrating higher frequency and severity of specific ICBs, and suggesting an association between the parkin genotype, smoking status, and ICB severity.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this multicenter, case-control study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of impulsive-compulsive behaviors (ICBs) in a cohort of patients with parkin-associated Parkinson disease (PD) compared to a group of patients without the mutation. METHODS: We compared 22 patients with biallelic parkin mutations (parkin-PD) and 26 patients negative for parkin, PINK1, DJ-1, and GBA mutations (PD-NM), matched for age at onset, disease duration, levodopa, and dopamine agonist equivalent daily dose. A semistructured interview was used to diagnose each of the following ICBs: compulsive sexual behavior, compulsive buying, binge eating, punding, hobbyism, and compulsive medication use. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders in Parkinson's Disease-Rating Scale (QUIP-RS) was adopted to rate ICB severity. RESULTS: Frequency of patients with at least one ICB was comparable between parkin-PD and PD-NM. Nevertheless, when analyzing the distribution of specific ICBs, a higher frequency of compulsive shopping, binge eating, and punding/hobbyism was found in the parkin-PD group. Compared to PD-NM, parkin-PDpatients with ICB had younger onset age and higher frequency of smokers; in 5 patients, ICB had predated PD onset. Total and partial (compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behavior, binge eating, hobbyism/punding) QUIP-RS scores were higher in patients with parkin-PD compared to patients with PD-NM. Logistic regression analysis showed that the presence of parkin mutations was associated with smoking status and higher QUIP-RS total score. CONCLUSIONS: Our data expand the parkin-associated phenotypic spectrum demonstrating higher frequency and severity of specific ICBs, and suggesting an association between the parkin genotype, smoking status, and ICB severity.
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