The use of four-dimensional computed tomography to diagnose costoclavicular impingement causing thoracic outlet syndrome.

Thoracic outlet syndrome is caused by compression of the neurovascular structures crossing the interscalene triangle, costoclavicular space or retropectoralis minor space. The costoclavicular space is the most frequent site of arterial compression and is mainly a result of anatomical variations and masses occupying the costoclavicular space causing a compression effect on the vascular or neural structures within it. We present a case of thoracic outlet syndrome caused by dynamic impingement of the clavicle and the second rib diagnosed by four-dimensional computed tomography scanning.