Laura Toivonen1, Linnea Schuez-Havupalo1, Sinikka Karppinen1, Tamara Teros-Jaakkola1, Maris Rulli1, Jussi Mertsola1, Matti Waris2, Ville Peltola3. 1. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, and. 2. Department of Virology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 3. Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku Institute for Child and Youth Research, and ville.peltola@utu.fi.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rhinoviruses frequently cause respiratory infections in young children. We aimed to establish the burden of acute respiratory infections caused by rhinovirus during the first 2 years of life. METHODS: In this prospective birth cohort study, we followed 923 children for acute respiratory infections from birth to 2 years of age. Data on respiratory infections were collected by daily symptom diaries, study clinic visits, and from electronic registries. Respiratory viruses were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and antigen assays during respiratory infections and at the age of 2, 13, and 24 months. The rates of rhinovirus infections and associated morbidities were determined. RESULTS: We documented 8847 episodes of acute respiratory infections, with an annual rate of 5.9 per child (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7-6.1). Rhinovirus was detected in 59% of acute respiratory infections analyzed for viruses. Rhinovirus was associated with 50% of acute otitis media episodes, 41% of wheezing illnesses, 49% of antibiotic treatments, and 48% of outpatient office visits for acute respiratory infections. The estimated mean annual rate of rhinovirus infections was 3.5 per child (95% CI, 3.3-3.6), 47 per 100 children (95% CI, 42-52) for rhinovirus-associated acute otitis media, and 61 per 100 children (95% CI, 55-68) for rhinovirus-associated antibiotic treatment. The prevalence of rhinovirus at 2, 13, or 24 months of age was 14 to 24%, and 9% of asymptomatic children were positive for rhinovirus. CONCLUSIONS: Rhinovirus infections impose a major burden of acute respiratory illness and antibiotic use on young children.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Rhinoviruses frequently cause respiratory infections in young children. We aimed to establish the burden of acute respiratory infections caused by rhinovirus during the first 2 years of life. METHODS: In this prospective birth cohort study, we followed 923 children for acute respiratory infections from birth to 2 years of age. Data on respiratory infections were collected by daily symptom diaries, study clinic visits, and from electronic registries. Respiratory viruses were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and antigen assays during respiratory infections and at the age of 2, 13, and 24 months. The rates of rhinovirus infections and associated morbidities were determined. RESULTS: We documented 8847 episodes of acute respiratory infections, with an annual rate of 5.9 per child (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.7-6.1). Rhinovirus was detected in 59% of acute respiratory infections analyzed for viruses. Rhinovirus was associated with 50% of acute otitis media episodes, 41% of wheezing illnesses, 49% of antibiotic treatments, and 48% of outpatient office visits for acute respiratory infections. The estimated mean annual rate of rhinovirus infections was 3.5 per child (95% CI, 3.3-3.6), 47 per 100 children (95% CI, 42-52) for rhinovirus-associated acute otitis media, and 61 per 100 children (95% CI, 55-68) for rhinovirus-associated antibiotic treatment. The prevalence of rhinovirus at 2, 13, or 24 months of age was 14 to 24%, and 9% of asymptomatic children were positive for rhinovirus. CONCLUSIONS:Rhinovirus infections impose a major burden of acute respiratory illness and antibiotic use on young children.
Authors: Jenni Rosendahl; Saara Valkama; Elisa Holmlund-Suila; Maria Enlund-Cerullo; Helena Hauta-Alus; Otto Helve; Timo Hytinantti; Esko Levälahti; Eero Kajantie; Heli Viljakainen; Outi Mäkitie; Sture Andersson Journal: JAMA Pediatr Date: 2018-07-01 Impact factor: 16.193
Authors: Riku Erkkola; Riitta Turunen; Kati Räisänen; Matti Waris; Tytti Vuorinen; Miia Laine; Paula Tähtinen; James E Gern; Yury A Bochkov; Aino Ruohola; Tuomas Jartti Journal: Pediatr Infect Dis J Date: 2020-04 Impact factor: 3.806
Authors: Linnea Schuez-Havupalo; Laura Toivonen; Sinikka Karppinen; Anne Kaljonen; Ville Peltola Journal: BMJ Open Date: 2017-09-05 Impact factor: 2.692
Authors: Seung Won Lee; Shinhae Lee; Youn Ho Sheen; Eun Kyo Ha; Sun Hee Choi; Min Suk Yang; Sohyun Hwang; Sung Soon Kim; Jang Hoon Choi; Man Yong Han Journal: Allergy Asthma Immunol Res Date: 2017-11 Impact factor: 5.764