Rahul Malhotra1, Shannon Ang2, John Carson Allen3, Ngiap Chuan Tan4, Truls Østbye5, Yasuhiko Saito6, Angelique Chan5. 1. Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. Electronic address: rahul.malhotra@duke-nus.edu.sg. 2. Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. 3. Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. 4. Research, SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore, Singapore. 5. Centre for Ageing Research and Education, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Health Systems and Services Research, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. 6. University Research Center, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: What are normative values for hand grip strength (HGS) for elderly Singaporeans? Which elderly characteristics influence the normative values of HGS for elderly Singaporeans? DESIGN: Nationally representative, cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Singapore. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2664 community-dwelling elderly Singaporeans aged 60 to 89 years. MEASUREMENTS: HGS was measured in a standing position with elbows extended twice for each hand; a Smedley spring-type dynamometer was used. Elderly characteristics known to affect HGS, including age, sex, hand dominance, height, weight, occupation, education, and ethnicity, were also assessed. RESULTS: We present single-year age, sex-, and hand-specific graphs for normative values (5th, 20th, and 50th percentiles) of HGS. The influence of specific elderly characteristics on the normative values of HGS varies by sex, hand, and considered percentile. We present equations for considered percentiles of HGS that account for such influences. CONCLUSIONS: This study uses a large, nationally representative sample to establish normative values for HGS for elderly Singaporeans aged 60 to 89 years. These results will facilitate the interpretation of HGS measurements conducted using Smedley spring-type dynamometers in clinical and research settings in Singapore, and potentially other Asian countries.
OBJECTIVES: What are normative values for hand grip strength (HGS) for elderly Singaporeans? Which elderly characteristics influence the normative values of HGS for elderly Singaporeans? DESIGN: Nationally representative, cross-sectional observational study. SETTING: Singapore. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2664 community-dwelling elderly Singaporeans aged 60 to 89 years. MEASUREMENTS: HGS was measured in a standing position with elbows extended twice for each hand; a Smedley spring-type dynamometer was used. Elderly characteristics known to affect HGS, including age, sex, hand dominance, height, weight, occupation, education, and ethnicity, were also assessed. RESULTS: We present single-year age, sex-, and hand-specific graphs for normative values (5th, 20th, and 50th percentiles) of HGS. The influence of specific elderly characteristics on the normative values of HGS varies by sex, hand, and considered percentile. We present equations for considered percentiles of HGS that account for such influences. CONCLUSIONS: This study uses a large, nationally representative sample to establish normative values for HGS for elderly Singaporeans aged 60 to 89 years. These results will facilitate the interpretation of HGS measurements conducted using Smedley spring-type dynamometers in clinical and research settings in Singapore, and potentially other Asian countries.
Authors: Alexander B Remsik; Keith Dodd; Leroy Williams; Jaclyn Thoma; Tyler Jacobson; Janerra D Allen; Hemali Advani; Rosaleena Mohanty; Matt McMillan; Shruti Rajan; Matt Walczak; Brittany M Young; Zack Nigogosyan; Cameron A Rivera; Mohsen Mazrooyisebdani; Neelima Tellapragada; Leo M Walton; Klevest Gjini; Peter L E van Kan; Theresa J Kang; Justin A Sattin; Veena A Nair; Dorothy Farrar Edwards; Justin C Williams; Vivek Prabhakaran Journal: Front Neurosci Date: 2018-11-08 Impact factor: 4.677
Authors: Saad M Bindawas; Vishal Vennu; Saada M Al-Orf; Sulaiman A Alshammari; Maysoon M Al-Amoud; Philip C Calder; May N Al-Muammar; Adel A Alhamdan Journal: Medicina (Kaunas) Date: 2019-06-06 Impact factor: 2.430