Sean Esteban McCabe1, Philip Veliz2, Carol J Boyd3, John E Schulenberg4. 1. University of Michigan, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Substance Abuse Research Center, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA. Electronic address: plius@umich.edu. 2. University of Michigan, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA. 3. University of Michigan, School of Nursing, Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Ann Arbor 48109, MI, USA. 4. University of Michigan, Institute for Social Research, Department of Psychology, Ann Arbor 48106, MI, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the longitudinal associations between medical and nonmedical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics (NMPSA) during adolescence (age 18) and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms during adulthood (age 35). METHODS: Multiple cohorts of nationally representative samples of U.S. high school seniors (n=8373) were surveyed via self-administered questionnaires and followed longitudinally from adolescence (age 18, 1976-1996) to adulthood (age 35, 1993-2013). RESULTS: An estimated 20.1% of adolescents reported lifetime medical or nonmedical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics. Among adolescents who reported medical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics, 44.9% also reported NMPSA by age 18. Based on multivariate analyses that included age 18 sociodemographic and other substance use controls, medical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics without any history of NMPSA during adolescence was not associated with SUD symptoms in adulthood relative to adolescents with no prescription sedative/anxiolytic use. In contrast, adolescents with a history of both medical and nonmedical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics and adolescents who reported only NMPSA had between two to three times greater odds of SUD symptoms in adulthood relative to adolescents with no prescription sedative/anxiolytic use and those who reported only medical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics. CONCLUSIONS: One in every five U.S. high school seniors reported ever using prescription sedatives/anxiolytics either medically or nonmedically. This study provides compelling evidence that the medical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics (without any NMPSA) during adolescence is not associated with increased risk of SUD symptoms in adulthood while any NMPSA during adolescence serves as a signal for SUDs in adulthood. Copyright Â
OBJECTIVES: This study assessed the longitudinal associations between medical and nonmedical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics (NMPSA) during adolescence (age 18) and substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms during adulthood (age 35). METHODS: Multiple cohorts of nationally representative samples of U.S. high school seniors (n=8373) were surveyed via self-administered questionnaires and followed longitudinally from adolescence (age 18, 1976-1996) to adulthood (age 35, 1993-2013). RESULTS: An estimated 20.1% of adolescents reported lifetime medical or nonmedical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics. Among adolescents who reported medical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics, 44.9% also reported NMPSA by age 18. Based on multivariate analyses that included age 18 sociodemographic and other substance use controls, medical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics without any history of NMPSA during adolescence was not associated with SUD symptoms in adulthood relative to adolescents with no prescription sedative/anxiolytic use. In contrast, adolescents with a history of both medical and nonmedical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics and adolescents who reported only NMPSA had between two to three times greater odds of SUD symptoms in adulthood relative to adolescents with no prescription sedative/anxiolytic use and those who reported only medical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics. CONCLUSIONS: One in every five U.S. high school seniors reported ever using prescription sedatives/anxiolytics either medically or nonmedically. This study provides compelling evidence that the medical use of prescription sedatives/anxiolytics (without any NMPSA) during adolescence is not associated with increased risk of SUD symptoms in adulthood while any NMPSA during adolescence serves as a signal for SUDs in adulthood. Copyright Â
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